Chapter 2 Human Intimacy Marriage the Family and

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Chapter 2 Human Intimacy, Marriage, the Family, and Its Meaning

Chapter 2 Human Intimacy, Marriage, the Family, and Its Meaning

Chapter Outline • • Family: The Basic Unit of Human Organization The American Family:

Chapter Outline • • Family: The Basic Unit of Human Organization The American Family: Many Structures and Much Change within Continuity and Uniqueness within Commonality Family: A Buffer against Mental and Physical Illness

Chapter Outline • • The Family as Interpreter of Society Unique Characteristics of the

Chapter Outline • • The Family as Interpreter of Society Unique Characteristics of the American Family: The Consuming Unit of the American Economy American Families: A Great Diversity of Types

Family: The Basic Unit of Human Organization If defined functionally, the family is essentially

Family: The Basic Unit of Human Organization If defined functionally, the family is essentially universal. Its structural form and strength, however, vary greatly across cultures and time.

Family What is a meant by a family? • According to the Census Bureau,

Family What is a meant by a family? • According to the Census Bureau, a group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together. What is meant by a Household? • According to the Census Bureau, all persons who occupy a housing unit.

Family Functions 1. 2. 3. Replacements for dying members of the society must be

Family Functions 1. 2. 3. Replacements for dying members of the society must be produced. Goods and services must be produced and distributed. Provision must be made for solving conflicts and maintaining order within the family and the larger society.

Family Functions 4. 5. 6. Children must be socialized to become participating members of

Family Functions 4. 5. 6. Children must be socialized to become participating members of the society. Individual goals must be harmonized with the values of the society. Procedures must be established for supplying intimacy and emotional gratification and for maintaining a sense of purpose within the family.

Structures of American Families What is meant by structure? • The parts that comprise

Structures of American Families What is meant by structure? • The parts that comprise a family and their relationships to one another. What is a nuclear family? • A married couple and their children living by themselves. What is blended family? • A family in which one or both of the partners have been married before.

Family Groups with Children under 18: 2002 Two-Parent Mother-Child Father-Child All Races 69 23

Family Groups with Children under 18: 2002 Two-Parent Mother-Child Father-Child All Races 69 23 4. 5 White 75 16 4. 7 Black 39 48 4. 0 Hispanic 64 25 4. 6 Asian 69 13 2. 3

Types of Marriage Kind Composition Monogamy One spouse and children Serial monogamy One spouse

Types of Marriage Kind Composition Monogamy One spouse and children Serial monogamy One spouse at a time but different spouses over time One spouse; live together as husband wife long Common-law enough that state recognizes couple as married without a legal ceremony. Functions Procreative, affectional, economic Same

Types of Marriage Kind Polygamy Polygyny Composition Functions Multiple spouses Procreative, affectional, economic Any

Types of Marriage Kind Polygamy Polygyny Composition Functions Multiple spouses Procreative, affectional, economic Any functions fulfilled One husband, multiple by families in the wives past, power vested in male

Types of Marriage Kind Polyandry Group Composition Functions One wife, multiple husbands Any functions

Types of Marriage Kind Polyandry Group Composition Functions One wife, multiple husbands Any functions fulfilled by families in the past, power vested in female Two or more men Any functions married to two or more fulfilled by families in women at the same the past, very rare time

Types of Families Kind Nuclear family, Composition Husband, wife, children Functions Procreative, affectional economic

Types of Families Kind Nuclear family, Composition Husband, wife, children Functions Procreative, affectional economic consumption Might serve social, One or more nuclear educational, economic, Extended reproductive, families plus other family. affectional, and religious functions Two or more nuclear Composit Normally those of a families sharing a e family nuclear family common spouse

Types of Families Kind Composition Functions Many families living in Usually those of the

Types of Families Kind Composition Functions Many families living in Usually those of the Tribal family close proximity as a extended family larger clan or tribe Man, woman, and Any functions Consensual children living in fulfilled by families in family legally unrecognized the past relationship

Types of Families Kind Composition Functions Group of people living together with a All

Types of Families Kind Composition Functions Group of people living together with a All functions with common purpose with leadership vested in Commune roles and an organized form to responsibilities which all families are associated with the beholden. nuclear family Same as monogamy Usually a mother and without a legally Singlechild; father and child recognized parent family combination less reproductive common

Types of Families Kind Composition Extra female sexual partner recognized as Concubine a member

Types of Families Kind Composition Extra female sexual partner recognized as Concubine a member of the household but without full status Husband wife, at least one of whom has been previously Reconstituted married, plus one or (blended) more children from previous marriage or marriages Functions Usually limited to sex and reproduction Any

Change within Continuity and Uniqueness within Commonality • Family life involves continuity as well

Change within Continuity and Uniqueness within Commonality • Family life involves continuity as well as change. • Each family is unique, but also has characteristics in common with all other families in a given culture.

Family: A Buffer against Mental and Physical Illness • • The family becomes more

Family: A Buffer against Mental and Physical Illness • • The family becomes more important as social stability decreases and people feel more isolated. The healthy family can act as a buffer against mental and physical illnesses.

The Need for Intimacy is experiencing the essence of one’s self in intense intellectual,

The Need for Intimacy is experiencing the essence of one’s self in intense intellectual, physical, and/or emotional communion with another human being.

The Family as Interpreter of Society The attitudes and reactions of family members toward

The Family as Interpreter of Society The attitudes and reactions of family members toward environmental influences are more important to the socialization of family members than are the environmental influences themselves.

Aspects of Socialization What is socialization? • The physical and psychological nurturing of children

Aspects of Socialization What is socialization? • The physical and psychological nurturing of children into adulthood. What is modeling? • Learning by observing other people’s behavior.

Failure to Socialize § § What are sociopaths? Persons who fail to be socialized

Failure to Socialize § § What are sociopaths? Persons who fail to be socialized to their society are called sociopaths. What are psychopaths? This is an older term for persons who fail to be socialized to their society.

Unique Characteristics of the American Family 1. 2. 3. Relative freedom in mate and

Unique Characteristics of the American Family 1. 2. 3. Relative freedom in mate and vocational selection. Relative freedom within the family, fostered by a high standard of living, physical mobility, lack of broader familial responsibilities, and the pluralistic nature of American society. An extremely private character.

U. S. Racial and Ethnic Composition, 1950– 2020

U. S. Racial and Ethnic Composition, 1950– 2020

Hispanics by Origin, 2002

Hispanics by Origin, 2002

Distribution of the Foreign-Born Population by Region of Birth

Distribution of the Foreign-Born Population by Region of Birth

Demographic Data A fertility rate is the number of women who report having a

Demographic Data A fertility rate is the number of women who report having a child in a 12 -month period per 1, 000 women aged 15 to 44 years of age.

Quick Quiz

Quick Quiz

1. What is a nuclear family? a) b) c) d) The parts that comprise

1. What is a nuclear family? a) b) c) d) The parts that comprise a family and their relationships to one another. A married couple and their children living by themselves. A family in which one or both of the partners have been married before. The physical and psychological nurturing of children into adulthood.

Answer: b • A nuclear family consists of a married couple and their children

Answer: b • A nuclear family consists of a married couple and their children living by themselves.

2. Learning by observing other people’s behavior is called a) b) c) d) Socialization

2. Learning by observing other people’s behavior is called a) b) c) d) Socialization Intimacy Modeling Continuity

Answer: c • Learning by observing other people’s behavior is called modeling.

Answer: c • Learning by observing other people’s behavior is called modeling.

3. Persons who fail to be socialized to their society are called a) b)

3. Persons who fail to be socialized to their society are called a) b) c) d) Psychopath Sociopath Both a & b None of these

Answer: c • Persons who fail to be socialized to their society are currently

Answer: c • Persons who fail to be socialized to their society are currently called sociopaths but used to be called psychopaths.