AVIATION SECURITY AND OVERVIEW OF ANNEX 17 International

AVIATION SECURITY AND OVERVIEW OF ANNEX – 17

International Security Standards and their applicability in India.

PRESENTED BY SUSHOVAN BANERJEE IPS REGIONAL DY. COMMISSIONER OF SECURITY MUMBAI

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STANDARDS – SOURCES ØCONVENTIONS : ØCHICAGO 07. 12. 1944 ØTOKYO 14. 09. 1963 ØHAGUE 16. 1 2. 1970 ØMONTREAL 23 -09 -1971

ACTS OF UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE 1970 -1998 BY CATEGORY

WEAPON USED

THREAT TO CIVIL AVIATON COMPRISES: HIJACKING SABOTAGE TERRORIST ATTACK • HISTORICAL TRENDS: • HIJACKING IN PERU – 1931. • RAPID INCREASE OF HIJACKING IN 1969 IN CUBA – 87.

• EFFECTIVE COUNTER MEASURES-1970 - HAGUE CONVENTION(16 -12 -1970) • MONTREAL CONVENTION-1971. (23 -9 -71) • SLIGHT DECLINE IN UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE. • IN 1973 INTRODUCE 100 CABIN BAGGAGE SEARCH – NUMBER OF INCIDENT DROPPED SIGNIFICANTLY. • OVER 2000 PAX AND CREW KILLED IN SABOTAGE ATTACKS.

• JUNE 1985 EXPLOSION OF KANISHKA KILLED 329 - INTRODUCED RECONCILIATION SYSTEM. • EXPLOSION OF PAN AM ON DEC 21, 1988 KILLED 259 PAX AND CREW – INTRODUCED HEAD COUNTS AND PREFLIGHT ANTISABOTAGE CHECK.

BUREAU OF CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY K BCAS ESTABLISHED IN 1978 - OUTCOME OF PANDEY COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS. K INDEPENDENT DEPARTMENT CREATED IN 1987– SEQUEL TO KANISHKA TRAGEDY. K RESPONSIBILITIES – LAYING DOWN AVSEC STANDARDS AND MONITOR PRE-EMBARKATION AND ANTI-SABOTAGE MEASURES AT CIVIL AIRPORTS.

• BCAS ORGANISATION

ØADVISORY ØPLANNING ØCO-ORDINATION ØMONITORING ØTRAINING ØTECHNICAL EVALUATION

CHICAGO CONVENTION -07 -12 -1944 ØESTABLISHMENT OF ICAO Ø OBJECTIVES Ø ANNEX-17 – SECURITY STANDARDS / RECOMMENDED PRACTICES.

OBJECTIVES OF ICAO - ARTICLE-44 The aims and objectives of the ICAO are to develop the principles and techniques of international air navigation and to foster the planning and development of international air transport so as to : - a) Safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation through out the world. b) Encourage art of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purpose.

c) Encourage development of airways, airports and air navigation facilities. d) Safe , regular , efficient and economical air transport. e) Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition. f) Rights of contracting States to operate flights are fully respected. g) Avoid discrimination between the states. h) Promote safety of flights. i) Promote development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics.

Tokyo Convention-14. 9. 1963 a) Membership – 161 including India. b) Pilot as law enforcement officers – measures to very frequently restore control of aircraft to the pilot. c) Acts jeopardize safety of aircraft , persons , property and good order / discipline onboard. d) Commander may disembark such person(s) in any country in which that aircraft may be and deliver that person to the Appropriate Authority to that country.

Hague Convention – 16 -12 -1970 a) Convention for the suppression of unlawful seizure of aircraft. b) Provisions – Define hijacking etc. c) Jurisdiction of court. d) Penal provision for offence of hijacking / unlawful seizure. e) Provide for prosecution or extradition of the offender.

Montreal Convention 23 -9 -1971 a) Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against safety of Civil Aviation b) Provision of definitions- line unlawful acts, aircraft in service. c) Penal provisions d) Jurisdiction of Court. e) Prosecution / extradition.

Definitions ACTS OF UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE a) Violence against a person on board an aircraft. b) Damaging /destroying an aircraft in service. c) Destroying / damaging air navigation facilities or interfering with their operation. d) Communication of false information when aircraft is in flight. e) Unlawfully using any device , substance or weapon for destructive activities to endanger safety at that airport.

ANNEX-17 TO THE CONVENTION ADOPTED ON MARCH 22 , 1974 - PROVISION OF ARTICLE 37 OF THE CONVENTION (a)(a) Communication system and air navigation aids. (b)(b) Characteristics of airports and landing areas (c)(c) Rules of air and air traffic control; (d)(d) Licensing of operating and mechanical personnel

(e) Airworthiness of aircraft; (f) Registration and identification of aircraft; (g) Collection and exchange of MET info. (h)(h) Log books; (i) Aeronautical maps and charts; (ii)(j)Customs and immigration procedures; (iii)(k) Aircraft in distress and investigation of accidents.

• STANDARDS • ANY SPECIFICATION FOR PHYSICAL CHARACTERSTICS, CONFIGURATION, MATERIAL, PERFORMANCE, PERSONNEL OR PROCEDURE, THE UNIFORM APPLICATION OF WHICH IS RECOGNISED AS NECESSARY FOR THE SAFETY OR REGULARTY OF INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION AND TO WHICH CONTRACTING STATES WILL CONFORM IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONVENTION IN THE EVENT OF IMPOSSIBILITY OF COMPLIANCE , NOTIFICATION TO THE COUNCIL IS CMPULSORY UNDER ARTICLE 38 OF THE CONVENTION.

• RECOMMENDED PRACTICE: THE UNIFORM APPLICATION IS RECOGNIZED AS DESIRABLE IN THE INTERESTS OF SAFETY , REGULARITY OR EFFICIENCY OF INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION AND TO WHICH CONTRACTING STATES WILL ENDEAVOUR TO CONFORM IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONVENTION.

CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY STANDARDS Ø DEFINITIONS Ø ORGANISATIONS Ø PREVENTIVE SECURITY MEASURES Ø ACCESS CONTROL Ø AIRPORT DESIGN Ø RESPONSE TO ACT OF UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE.

CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY STANDARDS 1. NATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY PROGRAMME. 2 APPROPRIATE AUTHORITY 3. CONSTANT REVIEW OF THREAT. 4. ESTABLISH MEANS OF COORDINATING ACTIVITIES. 5 DEFINE AND ALLOCATION OF TASKS.

6. AIRPORT SECURITY PROGRAMME 7. NCASP TO BE MADE AVAILABLE FOR OTHERS. 8 COORDINATING AUTHORITY TO IMPLEMENT SECURITY MEASURES. 9. . AIRPORT SECURITY COMMITTEE 10. TRAINED OFFICERS FOR SECURITY DUTIES

11. SUPPORTING FACILITIES FOR SECURITY DEVICES. 12. CONTINGENCY PLAN 13. TRAINING PROGRAMME 14. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SECURITY EQUIPMENT. 15. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 16. NCASP TO BE MADE AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

17. SPECIAL SECURITY MEASURES ON REQUEST. 18. EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION CONCERNING TRAINING PROGRAMME. 19. PREVENTIVE SECURITY MEASURES 20. ESTABLISH MEASURES TO PREVENT UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE. 21. PRE-FLIGHT CHECKS OF AIRCRAFT

22. INPECTION OF AIRCRAFT TO DISCOVER SUSPICIOUS OBJECTS. 23. SURVEY AND INSPECTION OF SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS. 24. PRE-EMBARKATION SECURITY CHECKS OF PASSENGERS AND THEIR BAGGAGE. 25. MEASSURES TO CONTROL TRANSFER AND TRANSIT PASSENGERS AND THEIR BAGGAGE.

26. PREVENT CONTAMINATION OF SECURITY CLEARED PASSENGERS. 27. PASSENGERS – JUDICIAL PROCEEDDINGS. 28. NOT TO LEAVE ITEMS ON BOARD THE AIRCRAFT. 29. OFF LOAD BAGGAGE WHEN PAX NOT ON BOARD. 30. SCREENING OF REGISTERED BAGGAGE.

31. SECURITY CHECK OF COURIER BAGS. 32. PROTECT AND SECURITY OF CARGO , MAIL, STORES ETC. 33. ENFORCEMENT OF ACCESS CONTROL. 34. ENFORCEMENTOF PIC SYSTEM. 35. SECURITY VETTING AIRPORT DESIGN.

36. MANAGEMENT RESPONSMENT TO ACTS OF UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE. 37. ENFORECEMENT OF SECURITY MEASURES LEGAL PROVISIONS.

SECURITY CATEGORISATION OF AIRPORTS NORMAL 20 SENSITIVE 23 HYPERSENSITIVE 14

SECURITY MEASURES FOR AIRPORTS NORMAL AIRPORTS 1. ACCESS CONTROL, SEARCH , FRISKING, HAND BAGGAGE. 2. APRON/AIRSIDE SECURITY 3. TERMINAL SURVEILLANCE 4. PERIMETER SECURITY 5. HOLD / CHECK-IN BAGGAGE SECREENING / RECONCILIATION 6. ACCESS CONTROL TO AIRCRAFT

7 CATERING 8 CARGO 9 COURIER CONSIGNMENT 10 PROVIDING / MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRONIC GADGETS.

SENSITIVE AIRPORTS • • ALL NORMAL SECURITY MEASURES PERIODIC CHECKING OF DUSTBINS SEARCH WORK PLACE BY EMPLOYEES. BRIEFING EMPLYEES REGULARLY ABOUT SECURITY MEASURES. • PATROLLING ALIGHTING / PARKING AREAS.

• PREVENT NON ATTENDED VEHICLES. • CONSTANT INSPECTION OF PUBLIC/OFFICE AREAS. • FREQUENT CHECK OF PICS. • SURVEILLANCE OF REGD. BAGGAGE. • PATROLLING OF AIRSINDE.

HYPERSENSITIVE • ALL MEASURES – SENSITIVE • REPLACE WASTEBINS WITH CLEAR PLASTIC CONTAINERS. • CLOSE PUBLIC VIEWING AREAS. • CHECKING ON ALL POIN TS.

• GUARDING ACCESS TO AIRCRAFT • STRIKING AREMED RESERVE. • REINFORCE SECURITY BARRIERS.

• SECONDARY LADDER CHECK. • 100% MANUAL CHECK OF HAND BAGGAGE AFTER X-RAY SCREENING. • IDENTIFICATION / RECONCILIATION. • PASSENGERS PROFILING. • INSPECTION OF CONTAINERS / AIRCRAFT HOLDS.

PERIMETER SECURITY BY STATIC POSTS. GUARDING KEY FACILITIES INSIDE REGULATED AREA.