World War II Dictators Threaten World Peace Treaty

World War II Dictators Threaten World Peace

Treaty of Versailles Treaty that ended World War I – Germany could not build a military – Germany gave up its colonies – Germany had to pay reparations to France and Britain – War Guilt Clause – Germany accepted FULL responsibility for World War I

Europe and the Depression The Great Depression was a world wide event, and hit Europe hard too – As Countries experienced economic hardships many governments were overthrown

Soviet Union Russia became the Communist Soviet Union in 1922 – Communism – government controls business and industry

Soviet Union Joseph Stalin – leader of Soviet Union – Government took over all farms and industry – By 1937 – SU was the world’s 2 nd largest industrial power

Totalitarianism Stalin kills anyone who stands in his way. Stalin’s regime killed approximately 8 -13 million Russians during his reign. Totalitarian Government – individuals have no rights, the government eliminates all opposition.

Italy Benito Mussolini establishes totalitarianism in Italy called Fascism Called “Il Duce” (The Leader)

Fascism – extreme nationalism where interest of the state is over the interest of the individual. Power must rest in a single strong leader

Germany Weimar Republic – democratic government set up after World War I Germany elected members of the Nazi Party to lead positions. Adolf Hitler – became Chancellor of Germany

Germany – Adolf Hitler Writes autobiography: Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Elected as Chancellor Disassembles Weimar Republic Sets up the Third Reich

Hitler’s Convictions Hitler’s plan for Germany summarized in “Race and Space” 1. Uniting German speaking people with Germany 2. Racial Purification – Aryan master race 3. Expand the borders of Germany for more land resources.

Skill Builder Pg 530

Graphic Pg 531 Comp/Contrast Totalitarian Leaders

Expansion Starts Axis Powers develop – Italy, Germany, Japan Start expanding their power through conquests: – Japan – Manchuria – Italy – Ethiopia – Germany - Europe

Japan Needed more resources and land 1931 - Invaded Chinese province of Manchuria Success of the invasion gave militarists control of Japan.

Invasion of Manchuria

Skill Builder pg 530

Italy invades Ethiopia for more natural resources.

US Response Isolationism – staying out of the world’s conflicts. 1935 – Neutrality Acts – Made it illegal to sell weapons or loan money to countries who were at war. Political Cartoon Pg 534 Skill Builder

Political Cartoon Activity In groups, analyze political cartoons of Dr. Seuss to decipher his opinions about isolationism. EVERYONE will write answers to turn in with their daily work packets.

Practice

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

War in Europe Chapter 16 Section 2

Appeasement Britain and France could not afford to fight another war. Developed policy of appeasement with Hitler Appeasement – giving up principles to pacify an aggressor

The Anschluss Austria had a large German-speaking population March 12, 1938 – German troops march into Austria and take over. No consequences from the world.

The Anschluss

Czechoslovakia 3 million German speaking people lived on the western border called the Sudetenland Hitler wanted Czechoslovakia for land resources. Hitler calls a meeting with France and Britain.

Munich Conference included: – Germany, France, and Britain Hitler called the Sudetenland his “last territorial demand” Britain and France agreed to avoid war. Sep. 30, 1938 – Munich Agreement signed.

Munich Agreement

Non-Aggression Pact March 15, 1939 – Germany invades the rest of Czechoslovakia August 23, 1939 – Stalin (SU) and Hitler (Germany) sign a Non-aggression Pact promising not to attack each other. – Secret Pact – divide Poland after invasion Eliminated the fear of 2 -front war.

Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland – Blitzkrieg – “Lightning Warfare” Uses tanks and aircraft to push through quick – Luftwaffe (German Air force) bombed Poland’s military bases and infrastructure

Blitzkrieg

Invasion of Poland

Invasion of Poland Sep 3, 1939 – Britain and France declare war on Germany Took over 3 weeks to build up a defense system.

The Phony War French and British troops sit and protect the Maginot Line –defense border built between France and Germany

The Phony War

Phony War Ends April 9, 1940 – Hitler launched surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway To build bases along the coasts to attack Great Britain Then, took over Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg Phony war ends by end of May 1940

Fall of France Germany worked its way around the Maginot Line: – Invasion of Belgium gave them access – Ardennes Forrest – Britain and France thought it was impossible to attack through.

Troops flee to Dunkirk Almost 400, 000 British and French soldiers flee to beaches of Dunkirk, France Used fishing boats and barges to get people to Britain across the English Channel.

Battle of Britain Summer 1940 – Luftwaffe began bombing Britain Was trying to destroy the RAF (Britain’s Royal Airforce) Bombed London every night for 2 months.

Battle of Britain Invention of radar allowed them to fight German planes in the dark. Hitler eventually called off the invasion of Britain indefinitely. “Never in the field of human conflict, was so much owed by so many to so few” – Winston Churchill