What is this PH 1600 Introductory Astronomy Lecture

What is this? PH 1600: Introductory Astronomy Lecture 12: The Sun’s Atmosphere

PH 1600: Introductory Astronomy Lecture 12: The Sun’s Atmosphere Next Lecture: The Sun’s Interior School: Michigan Technological University Professor: Robert Nemiroff Online Course Web. CT pages: http: //courses. mtu. edu/ This class can be taken online ONLY, class attendance is not required!

You are responsible for… ¡ ¡ ¡ Lecture material Listed wikipedia entries l But not higher math APODs posted during the semester l ¡ APOD review every week during lecture Completing the Quizzes l l l Homework quizzes 1 - 6, Midterm already due Homework 7 released Wednesday See Web. CT at http: //courses. mtu. edu/

Wikipedia entries: ¡ ¡ Sunspot Solar cycle facula

Kitt Peak National Observatory Credit & Copyright: AURA/ NOAO APOD: 1999 January 18

The Sun ¡ ¡ ¡ Visible during the day Closest star Relatively normal star Orbits in the Milky Way Galaxy Mostly hydrogen gas l ¡ Then Helium, then “heavy elements” 5 billion years old

The Solar Spectrum Credit & Copyright: Nigel Sharp (NSF), FTS, NSO, KPNO, AURA, NSF APOD: 2006 April 23

The Sun ¡ Diameter: 1. 4 million km l ¡ Mass: 2. 0 x 1030 kg l ¡ ¡ 330, 000 Earth masses Spin rate: 26 days at equator l ¡ 104 Earth diameters 36 days at the poles Temperature: 5800 K at photosphere Average density: 1. 4 g/cm 3 l 1. 4 times that of water

An Erupting Solar Prominence from SOHO Credit: SOHO-EIT Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2006 August 7

Sun’s Atmosphere ¡ Photosphere l l ¡ Chromosphere l l ¡ Sunspots, granules, faculas 5800 Kelvins Spicules, filaments, prominences, CMEs 10, 000 Kelvins near the top Corona l l l Coronal holes Very low density >1 million Kelvins (why? )

Solar Flares Cause Sun Quakes Credit: A. G. Kosovichev (Stanford) et al. , MDI, SOHO, ESA, NASA APOD: 1998 June 1

A Large Tsunami Shock Wave on the Sun Credit: NSO/AURA/NSF and USAF Research Laboratory APOD: 2006 December 13

Sunspot Cycle – Solar cycle ¡ Magnetic cycle takes 22 years l ¡ Solar maximum and Solar minimum l l ¡ 11 years for each polarity Occur every 11 years Solar minimum in 2006 Many more sunspots near Solar Max l Also more CME, flares, etc.

Dark Sun Sizzling Credit: TRACE Project, Stanford-Lockheed Institute for Space Research, NASA APOD: 2006 July 10

A Large Active Region Crosses the Sun Credit & Copyright: Jack Newton APOD: 2004 July 26

Sunspot Metamorphosis: From Bottom to Top Credit: Dutch Open Telescope, Sterrekundig Instituut Utrecht APOD: 2005 February 16

An Active Sunspot Viewed Sideways Credit & Copyright: Hinode, JAXA, NASA APOD: 2007 April 2

A Sunspot Up Close Credit : Vacuum Tower Telescope, NSO, NOAO APOD: 2005 November 6

Light Bridges on the Sun Credit: G. Scharmer, L. Rouppe van der Voort (KVA) et al. , SVST APOD: 2000 May 22

The Sun's Surface in 3 D Credit: G. Scharmer (ISP, RSAS) et al. , Lockheed-Martin Solar & Astrophysics Lab. APOD: 2003 June 24

Orange Sun Oozing ¡ http: //antwrp. gsfc. nasa. gov/apod/ap 070522. html ¡ http: //antwrp. gsfc. nasa. gov/apod/ap 061204. html

The Magnetic Carpet Of The Sun Credit: SOHO Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 1999 October 24

A Backward Sunspot and the New Solar Cycle Credit: MDI, SOHO, ESA, NASA APOD: 2006 August 30

Active Region 1002 on an Unusually Quiet Sun Credit: SOHO Consortium, EIT, ESA, NASA APOD: 2008 September 24 24

http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Sunspot_Numbers. png

A Complete Solar Cycle from SOHO Credit: SOHO - EIT Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2007 December 3 26

Sunspot Loops in Ultraviolet Credit: TRACE Project, NASA APOD: 2004 October 10

A Solar Filament Lifts Off Credit: TRACE, NASA APOD: 2004 July 25

Spicules: Jets on the Sun Credit: SST, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, LMSAL APOD: 2004 August 2

Solar Magnetic Bananas Credit: A. Gary et al. (NASA/MSFC), NASA APOD: 1998 June 29

Filaments Across the Sun Credit & Copyright: Greg Piepol (sungazer. net) APOD: 2004 December 6

A Prominent Solar Prominence from SOHO Credit: SOHO - EIT Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2004 March 30

A Twisted Solar Eruptive Prominence Credit: SOHO Consortium, EIT, ESA, NASA APOD: 2003 February 23

Pleiades, Planets, And Hot Plasma Credit: SOHO - LASCO Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2000 May 24

Coronal Holes on the Sun Credit: SOHO - EIT Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2003 March 18

Sun Storm: A Coronal Mass Ejection Credit: SOHO Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2007 February 6

Solar Eclipse and SOHO Credit: 2006 Team - Williams College Eclipse Expedition, NSF, National Geographic, SOHO Consortium, ESA, NASA APOD: 2006 March 31

A Powerful Solar Flare Credit: SOHO Consortium, LASCO, ESA, NASA APOD: 2003 October 29

An Antarctic Total Solar Eclipse Credit & Copyright: Fred Bruenjes (moonglow. net) APOD: 2003 December 8

The Crown of the Sun Credit & Copyright: Koen van Gorp APOD: 2006 April 7

A Wind From The Sun Credit: SOHO Consortium, UVCS, EIT, ESA, NASA APOD: 2000 March 18

Voyager at 90 AU Illustration Credit: Walt Feimer, NASA APOD: 2003 November 20

The Sun's Heliosphere & Heliopause Credit & Copyright: P. C. Frisch (U. Chicago) et al. , U. Indiana APOD: 2002 June 24

APOD: 2000 January 10 Brown Sun Bubbling Credit & Copyright: Robert Gendler