l CHAPTER 1 Worlds Collide Europe Africa and

l CHAPTER 1 Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America 1450– 1620 Copyright © 2008 by Bedford/St. Martin’s

Native American Societies • The First Americans • The Mayas and the Aztecs • The Indians of the North

1. By A. D. 100, the Hopewell peoples, living in present-day Ohio, had spread their influence throughout North America by A. B. C. D. developing extensive trading networks. traveling extensively in search of game. subjugating other native peoples through military conquest. spreading their religious beliefs, based on the construction of elaborate burial mounds.

2. Which of the following is true of most Native Americans who lived north of the Rio Grande in a. d. 1500? A. B. C. D. They lived in large religious centers of many thousands of people. Their clan-based system of government was locally based and worked by consensus, not coercion. Tribes were the fundamental social group and possessed a common identity and a shared ancestor. They were organized in a system of powerful empires.

Europe Encounters Africa and the Americas, 1450– 1550 • • • Hierarchy and Authority The Power of Religion The Renaissance Changes Europe West African Society and Slavery Europeans Explore America The Spanish Conquest

4. A. B. C. D. The practice of primogeniture granted large estates in the Western Hemisphere to first-born sons. forced many younger children to join the ranks of the roaming poor. created intergenerational disputes. led fathers to provide dowries for their daughters.

7. A. B. C. D. Which of the following was true of African systems of slavery? People were sometimes sold into slavery by relatives in time of famine. Slaves were never considered to be property. The descendants of slaves generally had high class or caste status. Hereditary bondage was unheard of.

3. Which of the following best characterizes the political transformation associated with the Renaissance? A. B. C. D. The landed nobility gained power from the trade of commodities. Urban bankers and merchants allied against monarchs. Peasants moved to urban areas and participated in politics. Monarchs formed alliances with wealthy merchants and urban artisans against the nobility.

5. The most accurate assessment of the Arab role in the development of the Renaissance in Europe is: A. B. C. D. Arab prisoners from the Crusades brought new knowledge to Europeans were exposed to the work of Arab scholars, who had preserved and extended the scholarship of ancient Greece and Rome. Arab traders provided access to new wealth, allowing Europeans to construct institutions of higher learning. Arab writers popular in Europe promoted the notion of civic humanism.

6. A. B. C. D. John Calvin’s ideas emphasized predestination. the concept that salvation could be earned through hard work. the notion that man was essentially good. the sale of indulgences.

The Protestant Reformation and the Rise of England • • The Protestant Movement The Dutch and English Challenge Spain The Social Causes of English Colonization

9. Which of the following groups did not benefit from the major inflation known as the Price Revolution that hit England in the mid-1500 s? A. B. C. D. the landed nobility the landed gentry yeomen farmers wool merchants

8. Queen Elizabeth of England supported the Dutch in the rebellion against Spain because A. B. C. D. she supported political revolution of all kinds. he wanted to control Dutch trade. as a defender of Protestantism, she sided with Dutch Protestants against Catholic Spain. she wanted to conquer Holland.

10. The power of Spain declined in the late 1500 s be A. English pirates plundered numerous Spanish treasure ships. B. King Philip undermined the Spanish economy through excessive spending on religious wars. C. English manufacturers began outproducing and underselling Spanish competitors. D. the Reformation filled Spain with religious turmoil.

Chapter 1 Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America • • • • Map 1. 1 The Ice Age and the Settling of the Americas (p. 7) Map 1. 2 Native American Peoples, 1492 (p. 8) Map 1. 3 The Eurasian Trade System and European Maritime Ventures, 1500 (p. 18) Map 1. 4 West Africa and the Mediterranean in the Fifteenth Century Map 1. 5 The Spanish Conquest of the Great Indian Civilizations (p. 28) Map 1. 6 Religious Diversity in Europe, 1600 (p. 30) Figure 1. 1 The Rhythm of Rural Life (p. 15) Figure 1. 2 Inflation and Living Standards in Europe, 1400 -1700 (p. 33 ) Figure 1. 3 The Structure of English Society, 1688 (p. 33) Orbis Typus Universalis (p. 4) Tom Lovell, Trade Among Indian Peoples (p. 10) Iroquois Women at Work, 1724 (p. 12) Malinche and Cortés (p. 24)

Answer Key for Chapter 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Answer is A Answer is B Answer is D Answer is B Answer is A Answer is C Answer is A Answer is B