Unit 1 Rise of Civilization SSWH 1 SSWH

Unit 1 Rise of Civilization SSWH 1 SSWH 2 SSWH 3

Unit 1: Rise of Civilizations SSWH 1 The student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE. a. Describe the development of Mesopotamian societies; include the religious, cultural, economic, and political facets of society, with attention to Hammurabi’s law code. b. Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in Ancient Egypt. c. Explain the development of monotheism; include the concepts developed by the ancient Hebrews, and Zoroastrianism. d. Describe early trading networks in the Eastern Mediterranean; include the impact Phoenicians had on the Mediterranean World. e. Explain the development and importance of writing; include cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.

Mesopotamia Ø “Land Between two rivers” 1) 2) 3) 4) Government Cultural Economic Political Ø 4500 Sumerians 1 -advanced cities 2 -specialized workers 3 -complex institutions 4 -record keeping 5 -improved technology

Mesopotamia: Government & Religion “All Hail the Priest/Ruler/Go Between” Ø City-State: independent Ø Priest = Leaders/Go between Ø Polythesitic Ø Ziggurat: city hall & Worship Building Ø Priest > Rulers > Dynasty

Mesopotamia: Cultural Ø Social Classes Ø Kings/Landholders/Preist → merchants →farmers → slaves Ø Women Ø Had roles, educated, merchants Ø Math & Technology Ø Algebra & geometry for building: Scale based on 6 o (60 sec = 1 minute) Ø Architecture: arches, columns, ramps Ø Cuneiform Ø System of writing

Mesopotamia: Political Ø Sumerians build huge Ø empire Ø Sargon of AkkadØ joins huge city-state Ø Babylonians: Ø Conquer Sumerian empire Ø King Hammurabi: • Code of laws • “single uniform code • unifies diverse groups” Ø `

Ancient Egyptians 2660 -2180 Nile River: Source of Life Polytheistic: Ø Gods controlled everything

Theocracy & Pharaohs Theocracy: rulers have religious authority Pharaoh: king=Gods Ø Ø Is NOT a go between Believed in afterlife’s “Heart as light as a feather” video

Egyptian Contributions Writing Ø Papyrus= paper instead of stone Ø Hieroglyphics: http: //www. touregypt. net/featurestories/papyrus. htm

Egyptian Contributions Calendar Ø 12 months, 30 days= what we follow today Class-Society Ø Pharaoh → Landowners, government, military, priest → Middle class, merchants→slaves

Monotheism Hebrews: Ø Abraham-trust in Yahweh: God Ø Torah Ø Move to Canaan (Palestine)

Hebrew Exodus Ø Exodus= 40 years of wandering Ø 10 commandments Ø End in Egypt Ø Moses= moves them back to Canaan All for 1 GOD, not many God’s! = Moral Life expectations

Monotheism: Zoroaster's Teaching “Why should so much suffering & chaos exist? ” Ø Battle of Good & Evil Ø Rise of 1 God= Ahura Mazda Traces of Zoroaster's teaching in: Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Early Trading Networks: Phoenicians Early Traders Ø Excellent ship builders & seafarers Ø Many 1 st: Strait of Gibraltar, Circumvent Africa, set up colonies Early Colonies: Ø N. Africa, Sicily, Italy, Spain Ø Trading Networks of wine, weapons, metals, ivory & dye’s

Early Trading Networks: Phoenicians Phoenician Alphabet Ø Record trading's Ø Unify language system Phonetic: a symbol = is a sound Ø Adopted by Greeks