THROW Pattern proximal segments in front of projectile

THROW Pattern Ø proximal segments in front of projectile with distal segments behind projectile Ø sequential for v Ø curvilinear path Ø mostly wheel-axle PUSH Pattern Ø all segments behind projectile pushing the projectile or load Ø simultaneous for F Ø rectilinear path Ø mostly lever motions

Movement Patterns - Related Skills

Constraints: Throw/Push Continuum ü Mass of projectile ü Volume/Size of projectile ü Shape/Profile of projectile ü Target Area for projectile ü Strength/Power of person ü Skill of person

OPEN Kinetic Chain CLOSED Kinetic Chain • Throw or Kick • Jump or Push or Pull • End Segment Free • End Segment [e. g. hand, foot] Restrained [e. g. foot, hand] • sequential movement of body • simultaneous segments movement of body segments

Throwlike Patterns • 1. Proximal Parts Move First • 2. Distal Parts Lag Behind • 3. Achieve either : maximum distance [ HORZ or VERT ] OR maximum velocity

compare the positions of the pinstripes in hip region versus shoulder region

FIG 7. 4 Page 233 magnitude of Radius influenced by Mass of object

Note position of shoulders relative to hips in each photo

Shoulder Medial Rotation Axle > Upper Arm Shld to Elbow Wheel > Forearm Arm/Racquet

Elbow Extension during final phase of Shoulder Medial Rotation

Fig J. 1 page 338 1. segment A is accelerated which gives L to entire system: segments A, B, and C 2. A rotates cw while B and C lag behind 3. A is THEN decelerated by muscle T 4. To conserve L, B accelerates cw THEN decelerates, C then accelerates cw

transfer L to arm by reducing/stoppin g L in shoulders

End Point v r L= mk² due to decreasing • See FIG. J. 1 on page 338 x • initial k is from axis “a” to top of segment C • when segment A decelerates, the k changes to the distance from axis “b” to top of segment C • when segment B decelerates, the k changes to the distance from axis “c” to top of segment C

v=r • final velocity of hand or foot or implement @ release/impact determines projectile v • r = d from the axis of rotation [e. g. joint] and the contact point of release/impact • see FIG J. 12 on page 352 with regard to r

Kinetic Link Characteristics • system of linked segments with a fixed base and a free open end • more massive segments @ proximal end • least massive segments @ distal end • initial motion caused by T applied to base • T gives entire system L L= mk² x OR L = I

Sequential Motions • 1. proximal/massive segments move first giving L to entire system • 2. external T decelerates proximal segments • 3. to conserve L, next segment, which is less massive, accelerates with rotation now occurring about a new axis and a smaller k • 4. Each successive segment/link accelerates achieving than previous segment due to both m and k getting progressively smaller

Airborne Reaction Rotation ü while airborne, if a person initiates rotation about any axis, ü a reaction rotation will occur in the opposite direction about that same axis ü due to the law of conservation of angular momentum ü turntable demo

Minimizing Airborne Reaction Rotation VB spiker abducts hip and/or flexes knees to I (I = mk²) in lower extremities

Note: Reaction Rotation in upper body of the kicker

Lever Motions Wheel-Axle • Flexion/Extension • Medial/Lateral Rotate • Protraction/Retrac tion • Pronate/Supinate • Abduction/Adducti • Inversion/Eversio on n

example of one of the wheel-axle mechanisms in kicking

Wheel-Axle Motions • muscle T rotates a bone which becomes an axle • the wheel is the adjacent segment positioned at an angle to the axle • the wheel r (radius) is modified via flexion/extension or adduction/abduction Small Wheel Big Wheel

THROW / PUSH for Speed and Accuracy FIG J. 8 page 349 FIG J. 10 page 350