The Roman Empire and Christianity Introduction Chapter Introduction

The Roman Empire and Christianity Introduction Chapter Introduction This chapter will introduce you to The Roman Empire and Christianity. You will learn about the growth and decline of the Roman empire and its effect on later cultures. You will learn about a new religion that changed the world. Section 1: The Roman Empire Section 2: Roman Culture and Its Legacy Section 3: Origins of Christianity Section 4: Beliefs of Christianity Section 5: Decline of the Roman Empire Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity my. Story Have you ever moved from one place to another? Why do families move today? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity my. Story Paul’s Shipwreck How had Paul’s life been in danger before? Why was Paul traveling to Rome? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity my. Story Paul’s Shipwreck The Government and Travel Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity my. Story Paul’s Shipwreck What happened during the storm? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity my. Story Paul’s Shipwreck What helped Paul and his shipmates survive once on Malta? How did Paul affect the community on Malta? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity my. Story Why do people move? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire How is your community connected to other communities? Links to Other Communities Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Academic Vocabulary succession—n. , one person or thing following another Succession from one president to the next is an orderly process in the United States. structure—n. , building Homes, schools, and office buildings are all structures. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Key Ideas Emperor Augustus and his successors helped bring about a long period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana. Rome reached new heights in practical technology. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Key Ideas Long-distance trade helped make the Roman empire wealthy. Greco-Roman culture spread across the Roman empire. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Key Terms deify—officially declare to be a god Pax Romana—the “Roman peace, ” a long period of peace and prosperity in the Roman empire Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Key Terms concrete—a building material made by mixing small stones and sand with limestone, clay, and water aqueduct—a channel that moves water over land Greco-Roman—culture that included Greek and Roman elements emerged in the Roman empire Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire What changed when Octavian took control? He took the title Emperor Augustus. He held nearly total power and ended the Roman republic. He stabilized the empire and made the army more loyal to him. He improved life for ordinary people. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Success and Failure Emperors of the Pax Romana Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire The Emperors and the Roman Peace Who held power in the Roman empire after Augustus? How did Romans choose new emperors? What problems resulted from Rome’s methods for succession? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Roman Architecture Roman architecture has influenced modern building. Many Roman buildings still stand today. Concrete allowed the Romans to build large buildings more easily. Roads made transportation faster. Aqueducts helped Roman cities grow by supplying them with water. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire What did Rome build? Rome’s Practical Achievements Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Rome’s Practical Achievements What made the building of large domed structures possible for Romans? Explain. How were Roman cities different from other cities of ancient times? What did the Romans do with the water brought to cities by aqueducts? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire How did the Roman economy work? The Roman navy made sea travel safer, faster, and cheaper than land travel. Roman roads made land transportation faster as well. The economy was based on farming, especially of grain to feed the growing Roman population. Provinces grew wealthy from trade with Rome. Stable currency throughout the empire helped the economy grow by making trade easier. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire The Roman Economy How did farming help Roman provinces develop? Why is stable currency important? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Greco-Roman Culture What is Greco-Roman culture? What are some examples of Greek culture within Greco-Roman culture? What are some examples of Roman culture within Greco-Roman culture? How did the Roman military spread Greco-Roman culture? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire How did different factors help the Roman empire grow? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity The Roman Empire Why do people move? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy What do you like to do? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Academic Vocabulary achievement—n. , accomplishment that requires effort or skill Winning the state championships was a great achievement for the soccer team. tradition—n. , a custom or practice that is handed down over generations Our family gatherings on Sundays are a tradition that everyone enjoys. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Key Ideas The Romans made many achievements in art, literature, and science. Latin continued to be an important world language long after the fall of the Roman empire. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Key Ideas The Romans pioneered large-scale public entertainment. Roman law influenced the legal systems of many modern countries. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Key Terms mosaic—a design formed with small tiles of glass, stone, or pottery. romance languages—languages that developed from Latin oratory—the art of giving speeches Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Key Terms satire—work of literature that makes fun of its subject gladiators—men who fought one another as part of a public entertainment Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy What is the influence of Roman arts and language? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Legacy Roman Art and Language How was Roman art initially similar to and different from Greek art? How did the Latin language spread across the empire? What are some ways that Latin appears in English today? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Who were some important Roman writers? Oratory Cicero wrote and delivered great speeches on issues of the day. Poetry Virgil wrote epic poems, Horace wrote odes, and Ovid wrote witty verses. Satire Juvenal made fun of the Roman people and their government. Philosophy Seneca wrote about the philosophy of Stoicism, which urges people to practice selfcontrol. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Who were some important Roman scientists? Astronomy and Mathematics Ptolemy wrote about the organization of the universe, geography, and the study of light. Medicine Galen learned through dissection that arteries and veins carry blood. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Literature and Science For what is Cicero famous? How did this skill help him? What is each of these writers known for: Horace, Ovid, Seneca? How do Ptolemy’s ideas about astronomy differ from those of modern scientists? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy What did Romans do for fun? Gladiatorial games were fights between men or groups of men, staged for entertainment. Gladiators also fought exotic animals. Chariot races were between teams of horses pulling people on chariots. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Popular Entertainment How did gladiatorial games enter Roman culture? Based on where different groups sat at gladiatorial games, which do you think were the best seats? In what way were gladiatorial games entertainment and in what ways were they combat? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Aspects. Language Literature of Science Roman Art Culture Roman Cultural Legacy Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy How has Rome’s legal system influenced modern systems? In what ways does Roman law still influence modern society? Why might Roman law influence legal systems today in some European countries more than others? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Roman Culture and Its Legacy Why do people move? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity How can new ideas affect us? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity Academic Vocabulary isolated—adj. , set away from other people or places The goalie is often isolated from other players in a hockey game. authorities—n. , people who have the right to give orders The principal and teachers are authorities in your school. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity Key Ideas Many Jews opposed Roman rule in Judea. Jesus was an influential Jewish teacher whose followers believed he was the Messiah. Jesus’ followers founded Christianity and spread it to many people, despite Roman persecution. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity Key Terms resurrection—coming back to life baptism—ritual cleansing by plunging into water crucifixion—slow and painful Roman method of execution in which the victim was nailed or tied to a large cross and left to hang until dead Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity Key Terms conversion—a heartfelt change in one’s opinions or beliefs martyrs—people who die for their beliefs Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity Jewish Groups Under Roman Rule Zealots Saw Romans as foreign occupiers; hoped God would send a Messiah to save the Jews from oppression Pharisees Were educated and followed Jewish law; believed in resurrection Sadducees Came from upper class; supported Roman rule and Jewish traditions Other Groups Some isolated themselves; some practiced baptism. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity What new ideas came to the Roman empire? Jesus’ Influence Life Events Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Teachings

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity Two Important Teachings In the Book of Matthew, Jesus describes the two most important teachings or commandments from the Hebrew Bible. What are these commandments? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity Jesus’ Life and Teachings In what religion was Jesus raised? Why did followers first begin to think Jesus was the Messiah? According to Christianity, what happened that caused Jesus’ followers to be believe that he definitely was the Messiah? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity How did Christianity become a new religion? The apostles spread the new religion after Jesus’ death. More and more non-Jews became Christians. Paul traveled widely and preached about Christianity. Paul welcomed non-Jews, and argued that they did not have to follow all Jewish laws and traditions. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity What helped Christianity grow? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity The Spread of Christianity How did Christianity change as it spread among non-Jews? How did the Roman government help the spread of Christianity, even though it persecuted Christians? What were some of the reasons that Christianity appealed to people? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity The Roman Response Romans had mostly tolerated Jewish worship. Romans opposed Christianity as a new religion, fearing it would anger Roman gods and that Christians were disloyal. Emperor Nero falsely blamed Christians for a big fire, and began to persecute them. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity and the Empire What was the effect of Roman persecution on Christians? What events finally gave Christianity an official place in the Roman empire? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Origins of Christianity Why do people move? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity What kinds of. Working ideas motivate you Toward a Goal to achieve a certain goal? Principle 1: _________ Principle 2: _________ Principle 3: _________ Goal: ______________ Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity Academic Vocabulary controversial—adj. , something that people disagree or argue about Politics and how people should behave are often controversial topics. element—n. , part Practice, lessons, and performances are all elements of a musician’s craft. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity Key Ideas Early Christians wrote books about the life of Jesus and other topics that form part of Christianity’s scripture. Most Christians share a core set of beliefs, including faith in Jesus as the son of God and in the Trinity. Christians believe that it is important to follow Jesus’ ethical teachings. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity Key Terms New Testament—collection of holy writings, or scripture, created by early Christians Gospels—first four books of the New Testament that describe the life of Jesus parable—story with a moral Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity Key Terms epistle—formal letter, several of which appear in the New Testament Trinity—according to Christian beliefs, three forms of God: God the father, Jesus the Son, and the Holy Spirit Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity Key Terms ethics—issues of right and wrong and how to treat people denomination—religious group within a larger religion Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity What are the Christian holy writings? Christian Scriptures Existed Before Birth of Christianity Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Written Down After the Birth of Christianity

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity The Christian Bible What holy text did the first Christians use? How did early Christians add to their holy text? What are the Gospels, epistles, and the Book of Revelation? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity What do most Christians believe? God exists in three forms, or Trinity. Jesus was God in human form. His resurrection proves that he was divine. Belief in Jesus offers the believer the chance of eternal life in the presence of God. People’s actions and beliefs in life determine what happens to their souls after death. God has the power to forgive people’s sins. Jesus’ crucifixion was a sacrifice for human sin. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity Today Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity How do Christians practice their faith? Practicing Christianity Follow Jesus’ Teaching Belief in Core Christian Ideas Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Shared Rituals

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity The Judeo-Christian Tradition Judaism Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Shared Christianity

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity Christians Beliefs and Practices What do most Christians believe about the forms in which God exists? What were some important ethics to follow, according to Jesus? How does the Judeo-Christian tradition influence society today? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Beliefs of Christianity How has Christianity shaped the modern world? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire What problems result when groups argue? Groups Argue Among Themselves Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire Academic Vocabulary communication—n. , way of passing on information The Internet is a very fast method of communication. collapse—v. , fall apart, break into pieces As the waves crashed, our sand castle collapsed. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire Key Ideas Problems, including civil wars and foreign invasions, led to the decline of the Roman empire. The Roman empire was divided into eastern and western halves, each with its own emperor. The western half of the Roman empire collapsed while the eastern half survived. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire Key Terms inflation—a general rise in the cost of goods barbarians—the word Greeks and Romans used for people who did not share their cultures Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire Key Terms mercenary—soldier who fights for pay rather than for his or her country orthodoxy—traditional or established religious beliefs Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire What ended the Pax Romana? Military commanders began challenging emperors. A series of civil wars broke out. Septimus Severus tried unsuccessfully to restore peace. More civil wars occurred. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire What elements further weakened the empire? The Imperial Crisis Economy Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Persian Invasions Germanic Invasions

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire Two Important Emperors Diocletian • split the empire into two halves • reorganized the imperial government into two co-emperors with junior emperors for support • restored peace on the frontier • persecuted Christians Constantine • made Christianity a legal religion in the empire • started to build a new capital for the eastern empire, in the city now called Constantinople Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Fall of the Western Roman Empire Collapse of the Western Empire Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire Collapse of the West How did each half of the empire respond to foreign invasions? What was the crippling blow that destroyed the western Roman empire? What type of government took over in Rome after the fall of the empire? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

The Roman Empire and Christianity Decline of the Roman Empire How did the fall of the Roman empire lead to movement of all sorts? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.