Origins and Spread of Christianity History Alive Chapter

Origins and Spread of Christianity History Alive: Chapter 36

Tree of Monotheism (Main Branches

Introduction: Essential Questions When and how did Christianity originate? How did Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire?

Birthplace of Christianity

Birthplace of Christianity Judea: Remote territory on eastern end of Mediterranean Sea • Once a part of the ancient kingdom of Israel • Came under Roman rule around 63 B. C. E. • 37 B. C. E. Herod came to a rule/puppet of the Roman government • Herod dies in 4 B. C. E.

Cont… • Jews hated the Romans and were looking for a Messiah • Prefects put in place by Rome • Council of Jewish leaders dealt with local affairs, led by a high priest, outwardly peaceful • Prophecies in sacred writing for G-d to send a savior

Birth of Jesus • Messiah = “annointed one” • Augustus orders census • Mary and Joseph travel to Bethlehem to be counted • The “Christmas Story”

“The Christmas Story” The Nativity

Birth of Jesus (Cont…) • Probably born in 6 B. C. E. during the reign of King Herod • Forced to seek shelter in a stable • Mary gave birth and wrapped him in strips of cloth laying him in a manger

The Three Kings

• Very little known about Jesus’ childhood • Likely studied carpentry and lived in Nazareth

Gospels: New Testament • Four important writings/account of Jesus’ life • Written by his followers (disciples: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) • Statements of faith in Jesus as the promised “Messiah” • Greek word for Messiah was “Christos” or “the Christ”

Gospels: New Testament (cont…) • Written down from oral and written sources • Written 30 – 70 years after Jesus died • Tell of events of Jesus’ life: working miracles, healing the sick, befriending the poor and friendless • Preached of God’s mercy and love • Urged followers to love one another

Teachings: Parable: a simple story that explains a moral or religious lesson

Jesus’ Teachings • Ministry consisted of teaching, healing and service to others • Preached in synagogues • As popularity increased, He began preaching in large, open spaces, towns and by the Sea of Galilee • He invited 12 men to become his disciples

John the Baptist • Jesus is baptized at the age of 30 • John identifies Jesus as the Messiah • Turning point in Jesus’ life • 40 days of praying in the wilderness • Returned to Galilee and began preaching

• Based on traditional Jewish beliefs • Special emphasis placed on: • Love • Mercy “You shall love your God with all your heart and all your soul. ” “You shall love your neighbor as you love yourself. ” “Give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, and to God what belongs to God. ” {Pages 352 – 353 in H. A. }

• The Crucifixion Passover (Jewish festival commemorating Exodus) • Temple and the money-changers • Judas Iscariot (betrays Jesus) • The Last Supper (Jesus gathers with his 12 apostles/disciples) • Pontius Pilate (Roman prefect/sentences Jesus to death by crucifixion) Pgs. 354 -355 H. A.

The Resurrection 1. What does the Resurrection of Jesus Christ represent for Christians? 2. What holiday is celebrated by Christians to commemorate the Resurrection? 3. Why do eggs play a large role in the celebration of this holiday? Early converts to Christianity were Jews.

Missionary Work of Paul: • One of the most important people in Christianity • Born in Tarsus, Turkey • Devoted his life to spreading the teachings of Jesus in (missionary) Asia minor, Greece and Rome

Missionary Work of Paul: (cont. ) • His letters to early churches are in bible • Romans executed him in 65 C. E. (approximately) • After his death, Catholic Church named him a saint

Aim: How did people relate to Christ’s message? Do now:

Christianity Spreads: • Over time, people, of all classes, begin to adopt this faith • Edict of Milan • 313 C. E. Emperor Constantine • grants Christians freedom of religion

Tree of Monotheism (Main Branches

Divisions of the Christian Religions