STAINLESS STEEL STORAGE HANDLING IN WORKSHOP STAINLESS STEEL

STAINLESS STEEL STORAGE & HANDLING IN WORKSHOP

STAINLESS STEEL CONTAINS CHROMIUM MORE THAN 10. 5%. THIS FROMS A PROTECTIVE CHROMIUM OXIDE FILM ON THE SURFACE OF METAL. Base material Oxide layer • CHROMIUM OXIDE FILM CAUSES CORROSION RESISTANCE OF STAINLESS STEEL. • HIGHER THE CHROMIUM CONTENT IN STAINLESS STEEL MORE IS THE CORROIOSN RESISTANCE. • BY ADDING MOLYBDENUM, NICKLE , CORROSION RESISTANCE IS IMPROVED FURTHER.

STAINLESS STEEL • FORMABILITY AND WELDABILITY IS IMPROVED BY CHANGING THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE FROM FERRITE TO AUSTENETIC. THIS IS MOST COMMONLY DONE BY ADDING NICKLE.

TYPES OF STAINESS STEELS • FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL • AUSTENETIC STAINLESS STEEL • MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL • DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

STAINLESS STEEL Austenitic Stainless steel alloys (AISI 201, 202, 301, 302, 304 L, 308, 309, 310, 316 L, 317, 316 Ti, 321, 330, 347) • • • Metal alloy has steel (Fe) and Chromium (Cr 1830%) , Nickel (Ni 6 -20%), high mangenese (Mn 2%), carbon (C 0. 03 -0. 25%) Can’t be hardened Alloy is consolidating in cold working ( bending, cutting ) Non-magnetic Higher thermal expansion & higher electrical resistance.

STAINLESS STEEL Ferritic Stainless steel alloys (AISI 405, 409, 429, 434, 436, 442, 446) • Metal alloy has steel (Fe) and Chromium (Cr 11 -27%), have no nickel , carbon (C 0. 080. 2%) • Can’t be hardened • Magnetic

STEELS USED IN LHB COACH SHELL SS 409 M is a modified version of SS 409 offering higher strength abrasion resistance and weld-ability

Shell structure RCF KAPURTHALA 8

FORMS OF CORROSION • • ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION GENERAL UNIFORM CORROSION GALVANIC CORROSION PITTING CORROSION CREVICE CORROSION INTERGRANULAR CORROSION STRESS CORROSION CRACKING

SURFACE CONTAMINATION STAINLESS STEEL ARE AFFECTED BY CONTAMINATION. THIS CAN ARRISE IN ANY SITUATION WHERE CARBON STEEL IS BROUGHT INTO CONTACT WITH STAINLESS STEEL SUCH AS: STACKING OF S. S WITH CARBON STEEL LIFTED BY FORK LIFTER HAVING CARBON STEEL FORKS. LIFTING TACKLES HAVE C. S. PORTION THAT TOUCHES WITH S. S. AVOID IRON CONTAMINATION BY USING WOOD, PLASTIC OR S. S. PROTECTION BETWEEN THE S. S. AND C. S. SURFACES. ALSO AVOID SURFACE DEMAGE , SCRATCHES AND ROUGH SURFACES ARE WEEK POINTS ON S. S. AND REDUCE CORROSION RESISTANCE AT THOSE POINTS.

STACKING ON FLOOR

STAINLESS STEEL COMPONENTS ON MS RUSTED TABLE

STAINLESS COMPONENTS IN MS PALLET

POOR STACKING OF S. S. COMPONENTS ( A VIEW)

A VIEW OF STAINLESS STEEL AND M. S. ITEMS LYING TOGETHER ON THE SHOP FLOOR

TOOLS LYING DIRECTLY ON S. S. SHEET

WOODEN PALLETS

VIEW OF M. S. PALLET HAVING NYLON PAD

VIEW OF GOOD STACKING

A VIEW OF ENVIORMENTALLY CLEAN SHOP

STACKING OF PICKLED PLATES ON STAINLESS STEEL PALLET

ANOTHER METHOD TO AVOID DIRECT CONTACT OF M. S. WITH S. S.

ANOTHER METHOD TO AVOID DIRECT CONTACT OF M. S. WITH S. S.

OIL MARKS ON S. S SHEETS

SCRATCH MARKS ON S. S. STEEL SHEETS

VIEW OF CORROSION DUE TO POOR STORAGE

DO NOT WALK DIRECTLY ON STAINLESS STEEL PROTECT IT FROM DUST. IF IT IS NECESSARY TO WALK ON S. S. , USE LAYERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR PLASTIC TO PROTECT THE SURFACE.

FOOT MARKS ON STAINLESS STEEL SHEET

AVOID CONTAMINATION AVOID CONTAMINATING THE SURFACE OF S. S. AT ALL STAGES OF FABRICATION. DO NOT CONTAMINATE WITH : GRINDING DUST WELD SPATTER RUST OR SCALE

VIEW OF WELD SPATTER

WELDING PROCESSES ELECTRODE SHOULD BE DRY WHEN USED. SLAG REMOVAL IS IMPORTANT. STAINLESS STEELS ARE MORE SENSITIVE TO CONTAMINATION: CLEAN BEFORE WELDING.

CLEANING BEFORE WELDING REMOVE HEAVEY SURFACE OXIDE BY: GRINDING WIRE BRUSH PICKLING ABRASIVE BLASTING HEAVEY SURFACE OXIDE ARE NOT RELIABLY REMOVED BY WIRE BRUSH

SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTS HYDROCARBONS: GREASE, OIL, CUTTING LUBRICANTS MARKING CRAYONS, PAINTS TOOLS: HAMMERS, BACKING BARS SHOP DIRTY GLOVES USE CLEAN SOLVENT AND CLEAN CLOTHS FOR CLEANING BEFORE WELDING

WELDING CONSUMABLES ALWAYS USE A RECOMMENDED WELDING PRODUCT. DO NOT USE OFFCUTS OF SHEETSUCH AS FOR FILLING WELD.

POST FABRICATION CLEANING REMOVE HEAT TINT. MAKE SURE THERE IS NO SURFACE CONTAMINATION. HEAT TINT CAN BE REMOVED BY GRINDING OR PICKLING.

VIEW OF HEAT TINT

SPATTER AND HEAT TINT ON SHEET

GRINDING DUST IN T-FLOOR CAUSING CORROSION

S. S. COMPONENTS DIRECTLY PUT ON FLOOR

M. S. TIE RODS WELDED WITH STAINLESS STEEL TROUGH FLOOR

M. S. GAUGE IN S. S. CONTACT TO MAINTAIN DOOR WIDTH

DO’s FOR STAINLESS STEEL HANDLING IN FABRICATION

DOs HANDLE STAINLESS STEEL WITH CLEAN GLOVES TO GUARD AGAINST FINGER MARKS. STACK STAINLESS STEEL ON WOOD OR NON-METALLIC MATERIAL. THERE SHOULD BE NO CRACK ON SHEET. CLEAN ALL CONTAMINATION FROM THE SURFACE OF TOOLING BEFORE USE. ALWAYS USE STAINLESS STEEL WIRE BRUSH FOR CLEANING SHOULD BE DONE BEFORE ANY PROCESS TO REMOVE THE EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBONS : GREASE, OIL, CUTTING OILS MARKING : - CRAYONS, PAINTS, TOOLS : - HAMMERS, BACKING BARS SHOP DUST DIRTY GLOVES

DOs CLEAN THE WLDING SPATTER AFTER WELDING. SLAG REMOVAL IS IMPORTANT. USE CORRECT PARAMETER FOR GOOD WELDING SEAM SHALL BE FREE FROM UNDERCUT, HAIR CRACKS, LACK OF FUSION ETC. CORROSION RESISTANCE IMPROVES WHEN GROUND SURFACE BECOMES MORE SMOOTH SEPARATE GRINDER SPECIFIED ONLY FOR STAINLESS STEEL PROTECT THE SURFACE OF STAINLESS STEEL. CORROSION RESISTANCE GETS BETTER WHEN BRUSHES IS USED TOGETHER ETCHING

STAINLESS STEEL AND AN ORDINARY GRINDING WHEEL

DON’Ts FOR STAINLESS STEEL HANDLING & MANUFACTURING PROCESS

DON’Ts • • • AVOID USE OF OILY COMPRESSED AIR TO BLOW AWAY DIRT. AVOID WALKING ON STAINLESS STEEL SHEETS WITH DIRTY SHOES OR HOB NAIL BOOTS. AVOID STACKING OF STAINLESS STEEL SHEETS WITH OTHER FERROUS METAL. DO NOT REMOVE THE PROTECTIVE POLY-FILM FROM THE STAINLESS STEEL SHEETS UN-NECESSARILY. CLEAN THE PAINTS FROM STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES DO NOT CONTAMINATE WITH - GRINDING DUST - RUST OR SCALE

DON’Ts AVOID STACKING OF STAINLESS SHEET WITH CARBON STEEL DO NOT REMOVE THE PROTECTIVE POLY-FILM FROM THE STAINLESS STEEL UN-NECESSARILY HAIR CRACKS IN WELDED SEAM LEADS TO STRESS CORROSION DO NOT SCRATCH THE ELECTROD ON THE STAINLESS SURFACE TO START THE ARC. AVOID NUMBER OF BEADS AS OVERHEATING OF STAINLESS STEEL CAUSES RUST. DO NOT PUT IGNITION MARKS ON SHEETS

DON’Ts RISING TEMPERATURE , UNDERCUTS, LACK OF FUSION, SLAG INCLUSION AND UNFINISHED WELDING SEAMS INCREASES RISK OF PIT AND CREVICE CORROSION. AVOID UNEVEN/ ROUGH GRINDING AVOID SURFACE DAMAGE. DO NOT USE OFF-CUTS OF SHEET FOR FILLING WELDING GAPS. DO NOT USE CARBON STEEL WIRE BRUSH. IMPROPER SEQUENCE OF TACK WELDS CAN LEAD TO DISTORTION.

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