STAINLESS STEEL AND SPRING STEEL Applications of ss

STAINLESS STEEL AND SPRING STEEL

Applications of ss Surgical instruments of ss latches hooks hinges Leveling and gliding casters Stainless steel coil

Food processing and chemical storage tanks Stainless steel fittings

Stainless steel utensils Air craft exhaust manifold

Hardening and annealing basket S S tanks S S strip rolls Austeniitic ss tubing

Martensitic ss strip roll

STAINLESS STEEL: IT IS AN ALLOY STEEL CONTAINING HIGHER AMOUNT OF Cr AND Ni. HIGH DEGREE OF CORROSION RESISTANCE AND CHEMICAL RESISTANCE. MOSTLY USED FOR HEAT RESISTING APPLICATIONS. Cr MAKES SURFACE PASSIVE BY FORMING SURFACE OXIDE FILM. BUT FORMING FILM IT SHOULD BE IN CONTACT WITH OXYDIZING AGENT. Ni IS ADDED TO FORM THIS FILM IN WEAK OXYDIZING ENVIRONMENT. GENERALLY Cr 12 % AND Ni 8 %

Ni IMPROVES DUCTILITY AND FORMABILITY BY RETAINING AUSTENITE FCC CRYSTAL PHASE AT NORMAL TEMP. ADDITION AO Al. UMINIUM IMPROVES HIGH TEMP. SCALING RESISTANCE. CLASSIFIED AS : 1. AUSTENITIC SS 2. FERRITIC SS 3. MARTENSITIC SS.

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL: 18/8 GRADE IS WIDELY USED 18 % Cr 8 % Ni IT IS NON MAGNETIC. AS AUSTENITE PHASE IS NONMAGNETIC IN NATURE. 15 -20 % Cr , 7 -10 % Ni, REST IS IRON AND CARBON % ALMOST NIL. 210 BHN, UTS 11500 PSI.

Mo IS ADDED TO INCREASE CORROSION RESISTANCE. IT IS RADILY COLD WORKED SO THAT HARDNESS AND TS ARE INCREASED. IT CAN NOT BE HARDENED BY HEAT TREATMENT. AS C % IS NEGLIGIBLE. AUSTENITIC STRUCTURE IS RETAINED AT ROOM TEMP. AND ARE DUCTILE, CAN BE COLD WORKED AND HOT WORKED. IT BECOMES SHOCK RESISTANT AND DIFFICULT TO MACHINE UNLESS IT CONTAIN SULPHUR OR SELENIUM. THE SAME STEEL AFTER QUENCHING FROM 1010 0 C AND TEMPERING AT 315 0 C CONSISTS OF TEMPERED MARTENSITE AND BAINITE.

APLICATIONS OF AUSTENITIC SS: v PRESSINGS v CHEMICAL AND FOOD PRESSING EQUIPMENTS v AIR CRAFT EXHAUST MANIFOLDS v BOILER SHELLS v SHAFTS v VALVES ETC.

FERRITIC SS: IT IS STRAIGHT Cr STAINLESS STEEL. AND MAGNETIC. IT CONTAINS 11 30 % Cr. AND CARBON BELOW 0. 12 %. Ni, Al ARE ADDED TO IMPROVE CORROSION RESISTANCE. TO IMPROVE MACHINABILITY SULPHUR IS ADDED. THESE CAN BE ANNEALED. NOT HARDENED BY HEAT TREATMENT. BUT HARDNESS IS IMPROVED BY QUENCHING IN WATER/OIL. IT MAINTAINS STRENGTH AT HIGH TEMP.

CARBON & NITROGEN % SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AT LOW LEVELS FOR GOOD WELDABILITY, DUCTILITY AND CORROSION RESISTANCE. HARDNESS INCREASED BY COLD OR HOT WORKING. CAN BE MACHINED. SHOWS MAXIMUM SOFTNESS, DUCTILITY AND CORROSION RESISTANCE IN THE ANNEALED CONDITION AFTER COLD WORKING.

APP. OF FERRICTIC SS: q FURNACE PARTS q NOZZLE q COMBUSTION CHAMBERS q NITRIC ACID TANKS q ANNEALING BASKETS q CAN BE DEEP DRAWN FOR THE VESSELS OF THE CHEMICAL AND FOOD INDUSTRIES.

MARTENSITIC SS: IT IS MAGNETIC 12 -17 % Cr, AND 0. 1 - 1% CARBON. CAN BE HARDENED BY HEAT TREATMENT IN THE SAME WAY AS PLAIN C STEELS. AIR OR OIL QUENCHED. TEMPERED MARTENSITE IS OBSERVED IN MICROSTRUCTURE. SMALL AMOUNT OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS ARE ADDED TO IMPROVE CORROSION RESISTANCE , STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS. COLD WORKED, HOT WORKED AND CAN BE MACHINED. HARDENED AND TEMPERED.

APP. OF MARTENSITIC SS: üSTEAM TURBINE BLADES üCORROSION RESISTANT CASTINGS üM/C PARTS üPUMP SHAFTS üSPRING üVALVES üSUGICAL INSTRUMENTS üBALLS üBEARINGS üRACES üAIR CRAFT FITTINGS üHEATER BARS üPAPER MACHINERY ETC.

SPRING STEEL Spring of music wire

PRPPERTIES: • SHOULD HAVE HIGH YIELD STRENGTH • HIGH HARDNESS AND TOUGHNESS • HIGHER FATIGUE AND CREEP STRENGTH • HIGH IMPACT STRENGTH • HIGHER RESILIENCE i. e. LOAD PER UNIT DEFLECTION SHOULD BE HIGH. • HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH AND HIGH MODULUS OF ELASTICITY.

Steel alloys are the most commonly used spring materials. The most popular alloys include high-carbon (such as the music wire used for guitar strings), oil-tempered lowcarbon, chrome silicon, chrome vanadium, and stainless steel. The term yield strength refers to a material's ability to endure significant bending or twisting and return to its original shape without deforming.

Spring steel stock alloys typically include silicone in their composition and are hardened and cold rolled after casting to improve yield strength. Spring steel products are generally either cold drawn as wire or punched from flat stock. Typical uses include saw blades, tape measures, helical springs, and vehicle suspension elements.

Music Wire - ASTM A 228 Spring Wire Properties: High-carbon spring steels are the most commonly used of all springs materials. These are least expensive, readily available, easily worked, and most popular. These materials are not satisfactory for high or low temperatures or for shock or impact loading. Nominal Chemistry C 0. 70 - 1. 00%, Mn 0. 20 - 60%

Method of Manufacture Chief Uses Special Properties Music wire Cold drawn. High and uniform tensile. High quality springs and wire forms. Music Wire is the best, toughest, and most widely used of all spring materials for small springs. It has the highest tensile strength and can withstand higher stresses under repeated loading than any other spring material.

A wide range of materials are available for the manufacture of metal springs including Carbon steels Alloy steels Corrosion resisting steels Phosphor bronze Spring brass Beryllium copper Nickel alloy steels Titanium alloy steels

Leaf spring High Carbon, Manganese Silicon material. - IS - 50 Cr 4 V 2, 60 Cr 4 V 2, 55 Si 7, 60 Si 7, 65 Si 7, 0. 5 % C, 4 % Cr, 2 % V 0. 65 % C, 0. 7 % Si

Spring steel grades SAE grade (ASTM grade) Composition 1074/1075[2] 0. 70– 0. 80% C, 0. 50– 0. 80% Mn, max. 0. 040% P, max. 0. 050% S Maxi mum Typical Yield hardness Comments strength ness [HRC] [HR C] 44– 50[4] 60– 75 ksi 0. 90– 1. 03% C, 0. 30– (413– 517 [2] 1095 (A 684) 0. 50% Mn, max. 0. 040% 48– 51[4] MPa) P, max. 0. 050% S Annealed 50 Scaleless blue steel 59 Blue spring steel

5160 (A 689)[5] 9255 0. 55– 0. 65% C, 0. 75 97 ksi – 1. 00% Mn, 0. 70– (669 0. 90% Cr[3] MPa) Chromesilicon 63 spring steel; fatigueresistant 0. 50– 0. 60% C, 0. 70 – 0. 95% Mn, 1. 80– 2. 20% Si[3] 301 Spring 0. 08– 0. 15% C, max. tempered 147 ksi 2. 00% Mn, 16. 00– (1014 stainless 18. 00% Cr, 6. 00– MPa) steel [3] 8. 00% Ni [6] (A 666) 42

Steel wires for cold formed springs are cold drawn round wires made from unalloyed High Carbon Steel. These wires are used for the manufacturing of cold form springs such as Helical, Torsion, Compression, Tension Springs, Rings, Wire Forms etc. that find applications in Automobile, Textile, Cycle and other industrial equipments.

These wires are generally supplied in phosphated and oiled condition. specification as per IS : 4454 (Part-1)-1981 Grade I, II & III.

Spring Steel Wire Gra de Carbon Percent (1) (2) Chemical Compositions: Silicon Manganese Sulphur Percent Max Percent (3) 1 0. 50 --0. 75 0. 10 -0. 35 2 0. 60 --0. 85 0. 10 -0. 35 3 0. 75 --1. 00 0. 10 -0. 35 4 0. 75 --1. 00 0. 10 -0. 35 Phosphor Copper ous Max Percent (4) (5) (6) (7) 1. 0 0. 050 0. 040 0. 20 0. 8 0. 030 0. 12 0. 8 0. 025 0. 12

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