Slide 8 1 The informationprocessing model of human

Slide 8. 1 The information-processing model of human memory Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 2 Relations between iconic memory, shortterm memory and long-term memory Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Logie’s (1995) drawing of the components of working memory Slide 8. 3 Source: Adapted from Logie, R. , Visual Spatial Working Memory, p. 127. © 1995. Reprinted by permission of Psychology Press Limited, Hove, UK. Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 4 The articulatory loop Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 5 The limits of short-term and working memory Source: (a) Adapted from Peterson, L. M. and Peterson, J. M. , Short-term retention of individual verbal items. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1959, 58, 193– 198. , (b) Adapted from Waugh, N. C. and Norman, D. A. , Primary memory. Psychological Review, 1965, 72, 89– 104. Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 6 Shallow versus deep processing Source: Based on Craik, F. I. M. and Lockhart, R. S. , Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Behavior, 1972, 11, 671– 684. Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 7 Explicit versus implicit memory Source: Based on data from Graf, P. and Mandler, G. , Activation makes words more accessible, but not necessarily more retrievable. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1984, 23, 553– 568. Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 8 The Stroop effect Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 9 Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve Source: Adapted from Ebbinghaus, H. , Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (H. A. Ruger and C. E. Bussenius, trans. ), 1885/1913. Teacher’s College Press, Columbia University, New York. Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 10 Eyewitness testimony Source: Based on data from Loftus, E. F. and Palmer, J. C. , Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1974, 13, 585– 589. Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 11 Retroactive and proactive interference Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 12 Explicit and implicit memory of amnesic and non-amnesic individuals Source: Adapted from Graf, P. , Squire, L. R. and Mandler, G. , The information that amnesic patients do not forget. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, memory and cognition, 1984, 10, 164– 178. Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 13 The effect of hippocampal damage on a rat’s navigational ability Source: Morris, R. G. M. et al. , Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Nature, 1982, 182(297), 681– 683. Reprinted with permission from Nature. © 1982 Macmillan Magazines Limited. Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006

Slide 8. 14 Spatial navigation Source: Maguire, E. A. , Frackowiak, R. S. J. and Frith, C. D. , Recalling routes around London: Activation of the right hippocampus in taxi drivers. Journal of Neuroscience, 1997, 17, 7103. © Society for Neuroscience. Carlson, Martin and Buskist, Psychology, 2 nd European edition © Pearson Education Limited 2006