Silent Disease Raul Lopez Northern Arizona University Disease

Silent Disease Raul Lopez Northern Arizona University

Disease and condition Diabetes Mellitus � Type 1 Diabetes Insulin dependent and most severe, pancreas no longer produces insulin. � Type 2 Diabetes Diet regulated and pill form pharmaceuticals. � Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy based diabetes primarily high risk at 24 weeks of pregnancy.

Diabetes attacking the body � The body is not recognizing body produced insulin, the pancreas increases production to compensate (type 2 diabetes). � The insulin produced by the pancreas is no longer recognized by the body (Type 1 diabetes). � Due to the insulin production problems with the pancreas, the kidneys have to work harder to produce hormones for the pancreas insulin production. Ultimately affecting the kidneys.

Signs and symptoms of diabetes � Urinating often � Feeling very thirsty � Feeling very hungry even though you are eating � Extreme fatigue � Blurry vision � Cuts and bruises are slow to heal � Numbness/tingling to hands or feet � Gestational diabetes does not have same signs and symptoms.

Problems associated with diabetes �Liver problems �Kidney failure �Pancreatic issues �Neuropathy (loss of feeling to limbs) �Limb amputations �Vision problems

United states prevalence � Americans 25 or older who die approximately 17 percent have diabetes (Engelgau et al, 2004). � Indicated by Center for Disease and Prevention fact sheet 2011, diabetes was a contributing factor in 71, 382 deaths in 2007. � Projected prevalence from 14% in 2010 to 21% of US population will have diabetes by 2050 (Boyle et al, 2010).

Rate of New cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes among youth 2002 -2005 30 RATE per 100, 000 25 per year 20 Type 2 15 Type 1 10 5 0 <10 10 -19 years old Source: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

Diabetes in mexico � According to the 2007 death registry in Mexico type 2 diabetes is the second leading cause of death. � It is estimated that the diabetic population will increase a conservatively 2. 1% between 2010 -1030 (Shaw et al 2010). � The principal cause of death in Mexican women is diabetes (Rull et al 2005).

Affected in the us �Gender �Ethnicity (According to Lopez and Grant 2012 Latinos are predisposed). �Age (Elder population). �Lifestyle (obesity attributed to a sedentary lifestyle). �Family history (Genetics).

United States Prevalence Source: data 360. org

Affected in mexico �Females (Schultz et al 2006). �Age ( 65 and over) �Lifestyles (Obesity and sedentary lifestyle) �Lower socioeconomic status.

Prevention and treatment �Pills (i. e. Glipizide, metformin, gliburide etc. ) �Diet and exercise �Insulin shots (i. e. Humolog, Lantus, Novolog etc. ) �Insulin pump ( direct insulin insertion to body)

Diabetic treatment in th US Insulin only 12% Insulin and oral medication 14% Oral medication only 58% No medication 16% Source: 2007 -2009 National Health Interview Survey

References American Diabetes Association (2010). Definition and description of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 33(1), 62 -69. doi: 10. 2337/dc 10 -S 062 American Diabetes Association. (2014, February 28). Symptoms. http: //www. diabetes. org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/? loc=db-slabnav

References cont. Boyle, J. P. , Thompson, T. J. , Gregg, E. W. , Barker, L. E. , & Williamson, D. F. (2010). Projection of the year 2050 burden of diabetes in the us population: Dynamic modeling of incidence, mortality, and diabetes prevalence. Population Health Metrics, 8(29), 1 -12.

References cont. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet: national estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011.

References cont. Engelgau, M. , Geiss, L. , Saaddine, J. , Boyle, J. , Benjamin, S. , Gregg, E. , Tierney, E. , & Imperatore, G. (2004). The evolving diabetes burden in the united states. Annals of Internal Medicine, 140(11), 950. 945 -

References cont. Feng, B. , Fang-fang, J. , & Hai-feng, W. (2013). The impact of hyperglycemic emergencies on the kidney and liver. Journal of Diabetes Research, 1 -11. doi: 10. 1155/2013/967097 Lopez, L. , & Grant, R. W. (2012). Closing the gap: Eliminating health care disparities among latinos

References cont. with diabetes using health information technology tools and patient navigators. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 6(1), 169 -176. Rull, J. , Aguilar-Salinas, C. , Rojas, R. , Rios-Torres, J. , Gomez-Perez, F. , & Olaiz, G. (2005). Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in mexico. Archives of Medical

References cont Research, 36(3), 188 -196. Schultz, L. , Bennett, P. , Ravmussin, E. , Kidd, J. , Kidd, K. , Esparza, J. , & Valencia, M. (2006). Effects of traditional and western environments on prevalence of type 2 diabetes in pima indians in mexico and the us. Diabetes Care, 29(8), 1866 - 1871. Shaw, J. E. , Sicree, R. A. , & Zimmet, P. Z. (2010). Global estimates of

References cont. the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 87(1), 4 -14. Yaturu, S. (2013). Insulin therapies: Current and future trends at dawn. World Journal of Diabetes, 4(1), 1 -7.