Reformation Chapter 17 SSWH 9 d e f

Corruption in the Catholic Church o. Popes used excommunication to control monarchs o. Many

Martin Luther o Middle class/studied law o Became a monk

Martin Luther Why did he question teachings/practices? o. Angered by indulgences o“Justification of faith”

How did criticism led to new church? o 95 thesis on Wittenberg church o.

Why did his reforms create widespread revolt in Germany? o. Peasants believe everyone equal

Reformation Spreads What other groups separated from Catholic Church? o Calvinists (1546) n Founder:

Reformation Spreads What other groups separated from Catholic Church? cont. o Anglicans (1534) n

Why did Protestantism spread beyond Germany? o Leaders looked for ways to escape the

How did Catholic Church respond? o Counter Reformation n Council of Trent o o

How did Catholic Church respond? cont. o Tried to stop the spread of Protestantism

Jesuit Colleges -28 in USA FYI-Don’t Copy! o o o o Boston College Fordham

Inquisition-Garroting Chair & Headcrusher

Inquisition – The Breast Ripper & The Cat’s Paw

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Reformation Chapter 17 SSWH 9 d, e, f

Corruption in the Catholic Church o. Popes used excommunication to control monarchs o. Many priests illiterate, broke vows of chastity & lived in luxury o. Some clergy n Charged ppl to see holy objects n Sold indulgences

Martin Luther o Middle class/studied law o Became a monk

Martin Luther Why did he question teachings/practices? o. Angered by indulgences o“Justification of faith” n Salvation thru faith ALONE

How did criticism led to new church? o 95 thesis on Wittenberg church o. Mass conducted in German not Latin o. Clergy allowed to marry

95 Thesis

Why did his reforms create widespread revolt in Germany? o. Peasants believe everyone equal in eyes of God, revolted against lords o. Princes wanted freedom from church n Southern Europe: Catholic n Northern Europe: Protestant

Reformation Spreads What other groups separated from Catholic Church? o Calvinists (1546) n Founder: John Calvin (Switzerland) n Predestination o God knows who’s saved n Lived by strict rules n Theocracy

John Calvin

Reformation Spreads What other groups separated from Catholic Church? cont. o Anglicans (1534) n Founder: King Henry VIII (England) n Pope wouldn’t grant divorce from Catherine of Aragon n Monarch, not pope = head of church

Henry VIII

Queens Mary & Elizabeth I

Why did Protestantism spread beyond Germany? o Leaders looked for ways to escape the church o Ppl tired of corruption

How did Catholic Church respond? o Counter Reformation n Council of Trent o o o Prohibited indulgences Seminaries to train clergy Mass in Latin ONLY Good works & faith needed for salvation Church’s interpretation of Bible is the ONLY valid one

How did Catholic Church respond? cont. o Tried to stop the spread of Protestantism n Jesuits o Well educated/founded schools o Missionary work/conversions n Inquistion o Court to stop heresy

Jesuit Colleges -28 in USA FYI-Don’t Copy! o o o o Boston College Fordham University (NY) Georgetown Univ. (DC) Gonzaga Univ. (WA) Loyola Univ. (IL, LA, MD) Loyola Marymount (CA) Xavier Univ. (OH) Marquette Univ. (WI)

Inquisition-Garroting Chair & Headcrusher

Inquisition – Hanging & the Pear

Inquisition – Judas Chair

Inquisition - Iron Maiden

Inquisition – The Breast Ripper & The Cat’s Paw

Inquisition - Chair of Spikes