17 4 The Reformation Continues Bell Ringer What

17. 4 – The Reformation Continues Bell Ringer: What is the church Elizabeth I established in England named? & Pg 500 Q 1

• Influential in the spread of Protestantism • 1536: Publishes the Institutes of the Christian Religion – Summary of Protestant beliefs • View men & women as sinful by nature • Believed in predestination: God knew who he was going to save or “elect” • Teachings = Calvinism John Calvin

Calvinism Spreads • Ideal government: Theocracy – Religious leaders rule • 1540 s: rules city of Geneva – a “model city” – Strict: No bright clothing or card games; religion classes – Brutal punishments • 1559: John Knox (Scotsman) follows Calvin’s teaching = Presbyterians • Calvinism spreads throughout Europe – France: Calvinists = Huguenots – At the Catholic feast of Bartholomew’s in Paris, Catholics kill 1000 s of Huguenots

• Protestants: Bible source of all religious truth • Baptized those only enough to decide • Viewed church & state to be separate • Refused to fight wars & share possessions • Persecuted by Catholics & Protestants – Forerunners of Mennonites & Amish – Influence the Quakers & Baptists Anabaptists

Women • Reforms & renaissance ideas = more influence from women • Many protect reformers – Marguerite of Navarre saves John Calvin • Katherina von Bora (Zell)(Luther’s wife) – Mothers children, manages finances, cooked meals, supports Luther – Pushed for women to have equal marriage roles • Beginning of the modern woman pg 498 Question on left.

• Millions stayed with the Catholic Church – Aid cause through reforms = Catholic Reformation • Ignatius of Loyola = Reformer from Spain • 1522: Spiritual Exercises – Daily plan of meditation, prayer, & study • 1540: Pope creates the Society of Jesus = Jesuits – 1) Found schools in Europe – 2) Convert non-believers – 3) stop spread of Protestantism Catholic Reforms

Reforming Popes • Reforms of Pope Paul III – 1) Investigated indulgences & abuses – 2) Approved Jesuit order – 3) Uses Inquisition to seek out heresy – 4) called the Council of Trent • Reforms of Pope Paul IV – Carries out the council’s decrees – 1559: Draws up list of dangerous books to the faith – Orders books to be burned

• 1545 -1563: Catholic bishops & cardinals establish doctrines • Agreed upon doctrines: – Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final – Salvation = faith & good works – The Bible & traditions guided Christian life – Indulgences were valid, but couldn’t be false Council of Trent

Legacy of the Reformation Religious & Social Effects Political Effects • Protestant churches flourish • New denominations develop • Catholic Church is stronger as a religious entity • More emphasis on education • Colleges & universities established • Women mostly limited to concerns of home & family = some new roles • Catholic political authority declines • More power for monarchs & states = the modern nationstate • 1600 s = power sought through war, exploration, & expansion • Lays the groundwork for the Enlightenment

The Reformation Pg 501 Question 1, 2, 3 Q 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8