PROTEIN SYNTHESI S MAKING PROTEINS REVIEW DNA AND

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PROTEIN SYNTHESI S MAKING PROTEINS

PROTEIN SYNTHESI S MAKING PROTEINS

REVIEW DNA AND ITS CONCEPTS IN A BEAT… • DNA Song

REVIEW DNA AND ITS CONCEPTS IN A BEAT… • DNA Song

 • Introduction to Protein Synthesis

• Introduction to Protein Synthesis

WHY DO WE NEED PROTEINS? • 1. Cell Structure • Cell= 80% protein

WHY DO WE NEED PROTEINS? • 1. Cell Structure • Cell= 80% protein

WHY DO WE NEED PROTEINS? • 2. Cell processes • Hormones (signals) • Enzymes

WHY DO WE NEED PROTEINS? • 2. Cell processes • Hormones (signals) • Enzymes (speed up reactions)

WHY DO WE NEED PROTEINS? • 3. membrane channels (remember transport) • 4. Neurotransmitters

WHY DO WE NEED PROTEINS? • 3. membrane channels (remember transport) • 4. Neurotransmitters (carry nerve/brain messages)

RNA VS. DNA

RNA VS. DNA

DNA IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • Template for making m. RNA during transcription • *Handout

DNA IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • Template for making m. RNA during transcription • *Handout

RNA • A. m. RNA = messenger RNA • Makes and takes copy of

RNA • A. m. RNA = messenger RNA • Makes and takes copy of DNA to cytoplasm • B. t. RNA = transfer RNA • Matches w/ m. RNA on ribosome • Carries amino acid (AA) to protein chain • C. r. RNA = ribosomal RNA • Part of ribosome • Reads m. RNA • Directs t. RNA • *Handout

RIBOSOME • r. RNA • Reads m. RNA • Directs t. RNA • Creates

RIBOSOME • r. RNA • Reads m. RNA • Directs t. RNA • Creates peptide bonds b/w AAs (makes polypeptide chain)

AMINO ACIDS (AA) • Building blocks of proteins • (20 AA essential) • Protein

AMINO ACIDS (AA) • Building blocks of proteins • (20 AA essential) • Protein = AA chain • A bunch of amino acids = polypeptide chain • ORDER MATTERS! • AA order determines f(x) of protein

VOCAB HANDOUT

VOCAB HANDOUT

AMBOEA SISTERS EXPLAIN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • Handout Notes

AMBOEA SISTERS EXPLAIN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • Handout Notes

STEPS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 1. Transcription (writing the “message”) • DNA m. RNA

STEPS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 1. Transcription (writing the “message”) • DNA m. RNA • Messenger carries code to cytoplasm • animation of transcription

 • m. RNA leaves nucleus • 2. Translation (reading the “message”) • m.

• m. RNA leaves nucleus • 2. Translation (reading the “message”) • m. RNA t. RNA protein (AA chain) • Message translated into a protein • translation animation

TRANSCRIPTION • DNA m. RNA • 1. location: nucleus • 2. Steps • A.

TRANSCRIPTION • DNA m. RNA • 1. location: nucleus • 2. Steps • A. enzyme binds to DNA, unzips it • B. m. RNA copy of gene made from DNA template • * U replaces T in RNA

TRANSCRIPTION • 3 DNA nucleotides (triplet) • m. RNA codons • Handout

TRANSCRIPTION • 3 DNA nucleotides (triplet) • m. RNA codons • Handout

TRANSLATION • m. RNA t. RNA protein (AA chain/polypeptide) • Location: cytoplasm • (first

TRANSLATION • m. RNA t. RNA protein (AA chain/polypeptide) • Location: cytoplasm • (first codon in m. RNA is the start codon AUG)

STEPS OF TRANSLATION • 1. m. RNA moves to cytoplasm, binds to ribosome •

STEPS OF TRANSLATION • 1. m. RNA moves to cytoplasm, binds to ribosome • 2. t. RNA anticodon UAC brings AA (methionine) to m. RNA codon on ribosome • 3. ribosome moves down m. RNA to next codon • 4. t. RNA anticodon brings and attaches next AA with pepide bond

 • 5. t. RNA leaves ribosome once AA attached

• 5. t. RNA leaves ribosome once AA attached

 • 6. steps 1 -5 repeated, adding AAs until stop codon* signals end

• 6. steps 1 -5 repeated, adding AAs until stop codon* signals end of protein • 7. polypeptide chain released from ribosome • translation animation • animation 2 • animation 3 • * UAG, UAA, UGA • Animation • Handout

LET’S TRANSLATI ON A TRY: • A N D g n o s Codon

LET’S TRANSLATI ON A TRY: • A N D g n o s Codon chart/wheel

AMINO ACID FUN! • DNA triplet: ACC • m. RNA codon: UGG • t.

AMINO ACID FUN! • DNA triplet: ACC • m. RNA codon: UGG • t. RNA anti-codon: ACC • Amino Acid: tryptophan • Why should know this? • Tryptophan is in TURKEY-makes you sleepy

TRANSCRIBE AND TRANSLATE YOUR DNA NAME INTO A PROTEIN

TRANSCRIBE AND TRANSLATE YOUR DNA NAME INTO A PROTEIN