Producing during language learning affects comprehension Elise Hopman

Producing during language learning affects comprehension Elise Hopman & Maryellen Mac. Donald

1. Production might be a stronger learning experience 2. This learning may transfer to Comprehension Better? language learning experience impact on later comprehension

1. Language production might be a stronger learning opportunity than language comprehension Why? Memory literature: Production involves - Attention demands - Hearing yourself speak - Recall (vs recognition) Single Word Production Effect Testing Effect Sentence Level Dependencies Boiteau, Malone, Peters, & Almor, 2014; Mac. Leod et al. , 2010; Roediger & Karpicke, 2006;

Language Production Language Comprehension Message 1. Binding = Stronger Learning Opportunity Grammatical Encoding Good Enough Phonological Encoding Utterance 2. Transfer? Ferreira & Patson, 2007

Artificial Language Training Comprehension Different Learning But Condition Controlled Multiple Comprehension Tests Production Learning Condition

Passive task Active task Same Different Feedback Comprehension Learning Condition Balancing: - Attention - Listening Experience Production Learning Condition Same

Dependencies: Number Agreement Gender Agreement Adjacent Non-Adjacent Vok The Safok Yellow Magok Chag Monster Spots Ot Zevok With Moves Hullem Planet Voko Safoko The Yellow Magoko Chag Monsters Spots Ot Zevoko Hullem With Move Planet

60 Comprehension Training 62 Production Screening Test (Threshold: 80% Correct) 52 Comprehension 52 Production Multiple Forced Choice Comprehension Measures Comprehension - Vocabulary in Phrases Tests - Suffix Understanding Test Error Monitoring during Comprehension Measures

Suffix Understanding Test “Voko Fumoko Weemoko Chag Ot”

60 Comprehension Training 62 Production Screening Test (Threshold: 80% Correct) 52 Comprehension 52 Production Forced Choice Task Measures Forced Choice Comprehension -- Vocabulary in in Phrases Test - Suffix Understanding Test Error Monitoring during Comprehension Measures - Word Order Error Test - Suffix Agreement Error Test

Suffix Agreement Error Test “Vok Fumok Zoutoko Stam Ot Pavok Kredel”

60 Comprehension Training 62 Production Screening Test (Threshold: 80% Correct) 52 Comprehension 52 Production Forced Choice Comprehension Measures Accuracy - Vocabulary in Phrases Test Accuracy - Suffix Understanding Test RT RT Error Monitoring during Comprehension Measures Accuracy RT - Word Order Error Test Accuracy - Suffix Agreement Error Test RT

Forced Choice – Vocabulary in Phrases Test Covariate Comprehension Production Learning Condition

Forced Choice - Suffix Understanding Test Accuracy Speed (correct trials) Comprehension Production Learning Condition

Error Monitoring – Suffix Agreement Error Test Accuracy Speed (correct trials) Comprehension Production Learning Condition

Producers are significantly faster and more accurate than Comprehenders at comprehension measures of learning dependencies between words over and above vocabulary. Reducing effects of: Attention Listening Experience 1. Production is a stronger learning experience 2. This learning transfers to Comprehension Implications: - Extends memory findings - Overlap in production and comprehension

Thanks! Mark Seidenberg Jenny Saffran Tim Rogers Teresa Turco Gabriela Zayas Alom Sarah Engel Ann Chapman Sarah Wang Megan Mc. Clement Mark Koranda Matt Cooper Borkenhagen Steve Schwering Chris Cox Martin Zettersten