Post War America The Cold War Origins of

Post War America The Cold War

Origins of Cold War l l After WWII two countries emerge as super powers: The US and the USSR Two completely different political and economic agendas USSR Communist (state controlled property) US Democratic (capitalist)

United Nations l l l Formed at the Yalta Conference Representatives of 50 nations create a peace keeping body Intended to promote peace but US and Soviets use it to spread their influence over others

Containment l l Prevents the extension of communist rule “Iron Curtain” Winston Churchill gives speech at a US college. “An iron curtain has descended across the continent. divides democratic and communist nations

Truman Doctrine l l Provides aid to any war torn nation that promises not to fall to communism Turkey and Greece given 400 million dollars

Marshall Plan Provides over 13 billion in economic aid to worn torn countries for remaining democratic l

Berlin Airlift l l l Soviets surrounded West Berlin (allied occupied) and blocked any food or supplies from coming in. 327 days food and supplies flown in 227, 000 flights 2. 3 million tons of food Soviets lift blockade

NATO 12 members of western alliances pledge military support in case any member was attacked Warsaw Pact: The Soviet counter to NATO: Allied communist nations pledging support l

KOREA “The Forgotten War” 1950 -53

1949 l Soviets and US leave Korea l Both North and South Korea claim ownership of the entire country June 1950, North Korea invades South Korea American reaction: Oh no, another Asian country about to fall to communism! NO! Truman decides to take military action l l l

American Intervention l l l Truman orders naval and air support for South Korea 16 other nations sent troops to Korea to support the South Koreans (90% Americans) General Mac. Arthur

WAR l At first, NK had pushed UN and SK troops back to Pusan l Mac. Arthur counter-attacks Americans go on the offensive into North Korea Chinese troops invade to support the North Koreans UN and SK pushed back pasted Seoul again 2 year stalemate l l

Mac. Arthur vs. Truman l l Mac. Arthur wants to invade China and use atomic bombs Truman says NO – l l Attacking China (friends with the Soviets) would start WWIII UN and SK regain land up the 38 th parallel Mac. Arthur wants full-scale war, told only to have limited-war

Mac. Arthur’s Insubordination l l l Mac tries to go over Truman’s head 1951 Truman relieves Mac of his command Mac addresses Congress- “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away. ”

Korea divided at the 38 th parallel

Stalemate in Korea l l l July 1951 - peace talks begin Cease-fire line and DMZ zone July 1953, armistice ending the war, but no peace treaty Agreement was a stalemate Communism had been contained without WWIII, but Korea was still divided into the north and South Still today North communist South Democratic

Korea Today Still divided at the 38 th parallel l North Korea – – closed society People have no freedoms Single-party communist state Supreme leader- Kim Jong-Il l South Korea – – Modern society Democracy- Presidential republic Developed country w/ high standard of living 15 th largest economy in the world

Korean War l l l North and South divided by 38 th parallel North Communist attacks South Macarthur fired for wanting to go into China War ends in a stalemate 1950 -1951 http: //www. 5 min. com/Video/Learn-about-The. History-of-the-Korean-War-117507155

Effects of the Korean War l l l 54, 000 American lives Cost btw. $67 billion Rejection of the Dem. Party and election of Rep. Dwight D. Eisenhower Increased Americans fear of communism Beginning of spy hunts

HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) l l Investigates communism in the movie industry Spies are infiltrating US from Soviet Union Ethel and Julius Rosenberg executed for selling nuclear secrets to USSR Gary Powers U 2 incident

Sen. Joseph Mc. Carthy (Mc. Carthyism) l l Witch hunt seeking out communists in US Claimed to know 205 communists working in government positions Could not produce one name http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=PTn. ZQ 1 fik u. M

Dwight D Eisenhower l l l l Middle of the Road candidate President from 1952 -60 (2 terms) Civil Rights-Brown v. Board (was secretly against decision) Raised minimum wage Extends Social Security Increased money for public housing Created interstate highway

Foreign Policy l l Eisenhower Doctrine/brinksmanship (foreign) The US will defend Middle East against an attack by a communist country. CIA formed Soviets form military alliance called Warsaw Pact

Post War America: Baby Boom l l l Population explosion from 1940’s-1960’s In 1957 one American infant born every seven seconds (4, 308, 000) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=XQc. Vll. Wp w. Gs

White Flight l l Millions of middle class whites leave cities for suburbs 5 million African Americans moved from the rural South to urban areas

l l l It was 1952 and, for housing, it was the best of times and it was the worst of times. working-class families began plunking down a hard-earned $200 and paying $63 a month (including taxes) to purchase a new, applianceladen, $10, 000 Cape Cod-style house. For the next five years, William J. Levitt, then president of the familyowned developer Levitt & Sons, would construct homes with such assembly line speed the company raised as many as 40 homes a day. Almost overnight, the community named Levittown grew enough to be Pennsylvania's 10 th largest city and just as quickly became synonymous with everything good, bad and ugly about suburbia. When completed, the sprawling, no-blacks-allowed community of cookie-cutter homes and identical streets was, for its time, the largest planned community constructed by a single builder.

John F. Kennedy l l l 1960 -1962 Wins first televised debate against Nixon Flexible response boosts military and creates Special Forces and Green Berets Tripled nuclear capabilities Assassinated 1962 http: //www. youtube. com/watch ? v=VB 6 h. Lg 3 PRb. Y

Bay of Pigs l l l U. S trains Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro Met with 25, 000 Cuban troops with help from Soviets Killed or imprisoned No help from US as promised Failure: Kennedy embarrassed

Cuban Missile Crisis l l l Summer 1962 Soviet missile bases built in Cuba Missiles were ready to launch Navy blockade prevents Soviets from delivering nuclear missile parts to Cuba Sometimes referred to as the day the world stood still. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=i. ZAwv. CKo. Si 8

Berlin Wall-1961 l l l Khruschev (Leader of Soviet Union) constructs a wall separating East (communist) and West Berlin (democratic). Aggravated Cold War tensions http: //www. nytimes. com/interactive/2009/11/0 9/world/europe/20091109 berlinwallthennow. html? ref=europe

New Frontier l l l Provides medical care for aged Aids urban areas Aids education

Cold War l l Competition pitting democracy against communism Never really turned into a “heated” war between the US and the Soviet Union

Race for Space l l Soviets successfully launch Sputnik satellite 1969 US takes first steps on the moon

Kennedy assassinated l l 1962 Dallas Tx. Lee Harvey Oswald http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=DSBXW 1 VGm. M

Lyndon B. Johnson l l l Great Society Education key (1 billion dollars in federal aid) Medicare (aged)/Medicaid (welfare recipients. ) Immigration Act (gets rid of discrimination of Asians completely). Rights of the accused now of consideration Did a lot to help poor and underprivileged in America

Supreme Court Rulings-Johnson supports the rights of the accused l l l Mapp v. Ohio-evidence seized illegally cannot be used in court http: //goanimate. com/movie/0 Bk. Phwz. Vbtfg/1 Gideon v. Wainwright-free legal counsel to those who could not afford it Miranda v. Arizona-all suspects must be read their rights when arrested http: //www. 5 min. com/Video/What-are-Miranda-Rights -34095282