Eisenhowers Cold War Policies Lesson 4 USII 19
- Slides: 11
Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies Lesson #4 USII. 19 American Vision Ch. 26, Sect. 3 & 4
Student Objectives • Students will be able to: • Explain how massive retaliation and mutually assured destruction kept the U. S. and the USSR from using nuclear weapons • Explain the effects of the launching of Sputnik on the U. S. • Describe how President Eisenhower fought communism covertly
Threat of Nuclear War • 1949: USSR develops its own atomic bomb • 1953: Both the US and the USSR independently develop and test the more powerful hydrogen bomb, or H-bomb • Eisenhower’s keys to beating the Soviet Union • Strong economy • Increase stockpile of nuclear weapons
Mutually-Assured Destruction • Massive retaliation was the policy that the U. S. would threaten to use nuclear weapons if the Communists tried to seize territory by force • Because the U. S. and the USSR could launch nuclear weapons against each other, it discouraged each to use those weapons • Mutually-assured destruction
Sputnik • Both the US and the USSR were working on systems to deliver nuclear missiles to anywhere in the world • Oct. 4, 1957: Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth, which could direct nuclear missiles to their targets • Americans were stunned by the Soviet triumph • Americans were fearful- if they can fire a missile in space, they can fire a missile on US! • Congress feared the US was falling behind in technology • Created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to coordinate research in rocket science and space exploration • Passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) to provide funding for education and training in science, math, and foreign languages
CIA Operations • Pres. Eisenhower used the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to conduct covert (hidden) operations to prevent Communist revolutions in developing nations (nations with primarily agricultural economies) • CIA also worked to overthrow anti-American leaders and replace them with pro-American leaders • Worked in Iran and Guatemala, failed in Hungary
Changes and Warnings • 1953: Joseph Stalin died • 1956: Nikita Krushchev became the leader of the Soviet Union • Willing to allow greater freedom in Eastern Europe but not an end to communism • After serving 2 terms, Pres. Eisenhower stepped down • In his Farewell Address, Pres. Eisenhower warned Americans to be on guard against the new military-industrial complex
Class Assignment • Pres. Eisenhower’s Farewell Address
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- Cold war acrostic poem
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