Paraplegia Paraplegia n Definition Paraplegia is paralysis or

Paraplegia n Definition: Paraplegia is paralysis or weakness (paraparesis) of both lower limbs. It

n Spinal 1. 2. 3. paraplegia may be: Focal Systemic Disseminated paraplegia

Causes of Spinal Paraplegia I-Focal Causes : A- Compression:

2 - Meningeal (extramedullary): 3 - Cord (intramedullary): -

B- Inflammatory: C- Vascular : II- SYSTEMIC CAUSES:

CEREBRAL PARAPLEGIA A- Causes in the Parasagittal Region: (area of cortical presentation of L.

CLINICAL PICTURE OF FOCAL PARAPLEGIA A. AT THE LEVEL OF THE LESION:

a)Posterior root affection: b)Anterior root affection:

B. BELOW THE LEVEL OF THE LESION (cord manifestations): 1 - Motor Manifestations:

n (paraplegia in extension) n (paraplegia in flexion).

2 - Sensory Manifestations a) If the cause of the lesion is extramedullary,

b) If the cause of the lesion is intramedullary,

xtramedullary opression amedullary Sensory level below which all sens. are lost Jacket sensoryy loss

3 - Sphincteric Manifestations a)In acute lesions: b)In gradual lesions:

Investigations 1) C. S. F. Examination. 2)Plain X-Ray of the Spine. 3) Myelography.

Treatment of Paraplegia I- General: - Care of the skin. - Care of the

III- Symptomatic Treatment a) Analgesics and sedatives for pain. b) Muscle relaxants : Valium

IV- Specific Treatment n Antituberculous drugs in case of Pott's disease. n Deep X-ray

Cauda Equina Epiconus Conus Roots Cadua Equina

CAUSES OF CAUDA EQUINA LESIONS 1 - Congenital: Spinal bifida. 2 -Traumatic: 3 -Inflammatory:

Neurogenic Bladder I U. M. N. L. 1. Acute : Retention with overflow 2.

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Paraplegia

Paraplegia n Definition: Paraplegia is paralysis or weakness (paraparesis) of both lower limbs. It may be due to:

n Spinal 1. 2. 3. paraplegia may be: Focal Systemic Disseminated paraplegia

Causes of Spinal Paraplegia I-Focal Causes : A- Compression:

n Neoplastic diseases:

2 - Meningeal (extramedullary): 3 - Cord (intramedullary): -

B- Inflammatory: C- Vascular : II- SYSTEMIC CAUSES:

III-DISSEMINATED CAUSES:

CEREBRAL PARAPLEGIA A- Causes in the Parasagittal Region: (area of cortical presentation of L. L. ) B- Causes in the brain Stem :

CLINICAL PICTURE OF FOCAL PARAPLEGIA A. AT THE LEVEL OF THE LESION:

a)Posterior root affection: b)Anterior root affection:

B. BELOW THE LEVEL OF THE LESION (cord manifestations): 1 - Motor Manifestations:

n (paraplegia in extension) n (paraplegia in flexion).

2 - Sensory Manifestations a) If the cause of the lesion is extramedullary,

b) If the cause of the lesion is intramedullary,

xtramedullary opression amedullary Sensory level below which all sens. are lost Jacket sensoryy loss

3 - Sphincteric Manifestations a)In acute lesions: b)In gradual lesions:

Investigations 1) C. S. F. Examination. 2)Plain X-Ray of the Spine. 3) Myelography.

Treatment of Paraplegia I- General: - Care of the skin. - Care of the bladder.

II- Physiotherapy

III- Symptomatic Treatment a) Analgesics and sedatives for pain. b) Muscle relaxants : Valium for the spasticity. c)Vitamins and tonics.

IV- Specific Treatment n Antituberculous drugs in case of Pott's disease. n Deep X-ray in case of intra-medullary tumour. n Surgical eradication in case of extramedullary tumour.

Cauda Equina Epiconus Conus Roots Cadua Equina

CAUSES OF CAUDA EQUINA LESIONS 1 - Congenital: Spinal bifida. 2 -Traumatic: 3 -Inflammatory: Pott's disease of the lumbar vertebrae. 4 - Neoplastic: 5. Degenerative: Lumbar Spondylosis.

Neurogenic Bladder I U. M. N. L. 1. Acute : Retention with overflow 2. Gradual: a- Partial: Precipitancy b-Complete: Automatic bladder II L. M. N. L. 2. Motor atonic bladder 1. Sensory atonic bladder 3. Autonomic bladder

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