Chapter 23 24 and 25 The Gilded Age
- Slides: 15
Chapter 23, 24, and 25 The Gilded Age Part 3
European Immigration • Up until the 1880 s most European immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe (Ireland, England, Germany). Many of these “looked” like Americans, and had similar religious and cultural backgrounds • Beginning in the late 1880 s, a change began to occur in the origin of immigrants. These “new” immigrants began arriving from eastern and southern Europe (Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia).
The “New” Immigrants • Many of these new immigrants didn’t speak English, came from non democratic governments, had differing religions, and didn’t “look” American.
The “New” Immigrants • These new immigrants often settled together in ethnic ghettos within the inner east coast cities (Little Italy), and worked in low paying factory jobs • This new wave of immigrants caused the emergence of nativism: an extreme dislike of immigrants Why would these new immigrants want to settle together in cities?
Ellis Island • To deal with the large # of people arriving in the country, the federal government opened Ellis Island in 1892. • Ellis Island (NY) was the entry point for many European immigrants
Ellis Island • Immigrants had to pass medical, mental, and legal exams and have at least $25 in order to enter into the U. S. • Angel Island is opened off California’s coast.
The “New” Immigrants • Nativism often meant that foreign immigrants were the victims of violence and discrimination. • Eventually the government passes laws restricting immigration. – In the 1870’s cities like San Francisco began to resent the cheap labor that the Chinese immigrants offered and the fact that they had to compete with them for jobs. – Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 – prohibited Chinese immigrants from legally coming to the United States. • Wasn’t repealed until 1943.
Reaction to Immigrants • Boss Tweed, Tammany Hall, Political Machines – Run lives of immigrants in large cities • “Social Gospel” – Walter Raushenbusch, Washington Gladden – Churches should address social issues through Christian charity • Jane Addams – “Settlement house” – Hull House in Chicago (1889) – Counseling, literacy training, child care, cultural activities for immigrants – Lillian Wald - Henry Street Settlement, NY – Become centers for women’s rights activism
Problems in the Cities • Whole families tended to work because wages were low and no one person could earn enough to support the whole family. – Women & children worked in mills and factories. • 12 hours a day, six days a week • Women worked simple machines – no opportunity for advancement
Problems in the Cities • Child Labor became common practice. – Children as young as five worked • Loss of an education • Missed out on their childhood • Caught in the endless cycle of poverty • African Americans had little opportunities. – Many labor unions wouldn’t accept African American workers – Often feared losing their jobs
Problems in the Cities • Working Conditions = difficult – – Work was monotonous Long working hours Low wages Dangerous conditions • Sweatshops: Makeshift factories setup by private contractors in small apartments or unused buildings. – – were hazardous Poorly lit & poorly ventilated unsafe, little pay
Problems in the Cities • Urban slums: poor inner-city neighborhoods • Tenements: overcrowded apartments that housed several families of immigrants or poor laborers • Conditions in Slums: – Often these slums had open sewers • Rats & disease widespread – Air was dark & polluted with soot from coal-fired engines and boilers – Individual tenements • usually dark, poorly ventilated, and full of fire hazards.
Negative Effects – – Trash piles up in streets Drinking water polluted Lack of sewage systems Terrible air quality • “Dumbell” tenements – Airshaft through the building for clean air • 1920 – America more urban than rural
Jacob Riis’ “How the Other Half Lives” (1890) exposed the poverty of the urban poor
Statue of Liberty • Statue of Liberty donated by France in 1886 “Give me your tired, your poor; Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door!” - From The New Colossus by emma lazarus, 1883
- Chapter 15 section 3 politics in the gilded age
- Chapter 23 political paralysis in the gilded age
- Political paralysis in the gilded age
- Chapter 15 section 3 politics in the gilded age
- Chapter 23 political paralysis in the gilded age
- Lesson 1 - politics and the gilded age
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- Iron age bronze age stone age timeline
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