Nanoscale Heat Transfer in Thin Films Thomas Prevenslik

Nanoscale Heat Transfer in Thin Films Thomas Prevenslik Discovery Bay, Hong Kong, China 1 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

Background Over the past 30 years, heat transfer in thin films has been based on classical methods. However, for films less than about 100 nm, classical heat transfer cannot explain the reduced thermal conductivity found in experiments. T. Prevenslik, “Heat Transfer in Thin Films, ” Third Int. Conf. on Quantum, Nano and Micro Technologies, ICQNM 2009, February 1 -6, Cancun, 2009. ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China 2

Experimental Data Bulk Copper ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China 3

Experiment Pulse Method (Thin Solid Films, Kelemen, 36 (1976) 199 -203) F S W Thermal Diffusivity Substrate Film T 2 L X 2 T 1 K = thermal conductivity = density, c = specific heat Problem X 1 Wire Diffusivity diverges as c 0 Instability requires testing with the film combined with substrate. Davitadze, et al. , App. Phys. Lett. . 89 (, 2002) Data Shows K 0 as f 0 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China 4

Current Approach To explain reduced conductivity data, Fourier heat conduction theory is thought not applicable to thin films having thickness < than the mean free paths of phonons. Heat Transfer in thin films is modified to treat phonons as particles in the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China 5

Purpose To provide a QM explanation for thin film heat transfer based on QED induced EM radiation QM = Quantum Mechanics QED = Quantum Electro Dynamics EM = Electromagnetic 6 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

QED induced EM radiation Classically, heat is conserved by an increase in temperature. But at the nanoscale, QM forbids heat to be conserved by an increase in temperature because specific heat vanishes. QED allows heat to be conserved by the frequency upconversion of k. T energy to the EM confinement frequency of the film which escapes by the emission of nonthermal EM radiation 7 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

Thin Film QCond Effective Conductivity Keff = [Kf / f + KS / S ] / ( f + S ) T Current Approach QCond =QJoule T 1 = QJoule ( f + S ) / A Keff QQED Heat Transfer QCond = QJoule - QQED QJoule T 2 = (QJoule- QQED) ( f + S ) / A Keff QQED / QJoule = T 1 / T 2 -1 8 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

EM Confinement k. T 3 DOF confined 1 DOF confined Photons in Rectangular cavity resonator, nr > 1 For << W and L, 2 nr 9 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

QM Restrictions 0. 0285 e. V Film 10 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

Thin Film Specific Heat 3 microns 11 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

QED radiation in NPs Residual k. T Energy Tribochemistry Joule Heat Laser/Solar/Supernovae Photons Molecular • Collisions Nanofluids Room B, 2 PM NP • • EM Emission = 2 Dnr Specific Heat Vanishes No Temperature change 12 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

QED Induced Heat Transfer Non Thermal Emission EP = Photon Planck Energy d. NP/dt = Photon Rate 13 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

QED induced Heat Transfer 14 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China

Conclusions Thin film specific heat vanishes. Film temperatures follow the substrate. PWR fuel rod cladding simulated in ANSYS by coupling clad temperatures with substrate. No need to modify bulk conductivity for thin films Heat loss normal to the surface by QED emission can and should be measured with standard photomultipliers for 100 nm films. ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China 15

Extensions Einstein’s Static Universe Redshift in cosmic dust means Universe is not expanding and dark energy does not exist. Tribochemistry Rubbing of surfaces produces NPs that produce VUV to enhance chemical reactions Gecko walking on walls and ceilings Spatulae under on hair tips act as NPs to produce electrostatic attraction Unification of Static Electricity Rubbing of surfaces produces NPs that charge the surroundings. Nanocatalysts and Chemiluminescence Gold NPs added to chemical reactants in solution enhance chemical reactions X-rays from peeling Scotch Tape NPs that form as adhesive tears accumulates charge that at breakdown produces x-rays Casimir force BB thermal radiation in gap between parallel plates produces attraction Etc… ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China 16

Questions & Papers Email: thomas@nanoqed. net http: //www. nanoqed. org 17 ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat / Mass Transfer Int. Conf. , Dec. 18 -21, 2009 — Shanghai, China