Electrostatic Gecko Mechanism Thomas Prevenslik Berlin Germany Hong

Electrostatic Gecko Mechanism Thomas Prevenslik Berlin, Germany Hong Kong, China 1 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Background Since Aristotle, mankind has been captivated by Geckos walking on surfaces that man cannot. Gecko in China. In Serbia? The van der Waals (vd. W) force is generally thought to be the mechanism allows the Gecko to walk on walls and ceilings. 2 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Purpose Show Gecko attraction is electrostatic with charges induced by QED induced EM radiation QED = Quantum Electro Dynamics EM = Electromagnetic 3 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Geckos on the Wall 4 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Gecko Toes and Setae Foot Toe Setae 4 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Gecko Setae and Spatulae Setae Spatulae Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia 5

150/200 10/30 85 Gecko Spatulae 6 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Setae vd. W Force A = Hamaker Constant ~ 1 x 10 -19 J D = Gap ~ m Fvd. W ~ N / m 2 7 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Gecko vd. W Force Gecko Weight ~ 70 gms Gravity Force ~ 0. 68 N 4 Foot Area ~ 454 mm 2 Total vd. W Force ~ 1. 5 x 103 N/m 2 Gap D ~ 15 nm Over foot area of 454 mm 2, difficult to justify. Need Alternative Solution Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia 8

Electrostatic Force In 1934, electrostatics dismissed by experiments of Geckos in ionized air, but not between spatulae and surface. Static charge by nanoparticles (NPs) that form upon rubbing surfaces induce charge, e. g. , Early Greeks rubbing amber rod with cloth. Extend to Geckos: Dust NPs detached by toe-hairs 9 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Charge from NPs Thermal k. T Energy Joule Heat Laser/Solar Radiation • NP Molecular Collisions • • VUV Emission = 2 Dnr Specific Heat Vanishes No Temperature change 10 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

NPs have Zero Heat Content 0. 0258 e. V NPs Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia 11

NPs have Zero Specific Heat NPs 5 microns 12 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

NP Charging Mechanism + e- 13 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

NP Mechanism Problem To support Gecko, 10 million <100 nm NPs / cm 2 Experimental data not available to confirm Theory Volumetric Data Available (TSI) Residential in Poland 2. 4 x 103 / cm 3 Taiwan Residential 1 x 104/ cm 3 Analytical Extensions difficult Solution Supplement NP mechanism with Spatulae 14 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Spatulae Charging Mechanism Treat Spatulae as thin circular disk supported on stalk Do Spatula RI ~ 1. 52 RI Interface w Stalk RI ~1. 31 Tyndall in 1870 EM confinement Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia 15

EM Confinement From QM, Photons of wave length are created by supplying EM energy to a box with walls separated by /2. For spatulae as a rectangular cavity having nr > 1, the resonator wavelength is: For w << Do, 2 wnr 16 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Spatulae Charging Mechanism e- ee- + k. T ~ 0 ek. T >0 +VUV e- + + Surface ~ k. T > 0 + + 17 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Spatulae Mechanism 18 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Spatulae Summary Setae = 14000/mm 2 x 454 mm 2 Total Setae ~ 6 million 100 – 1000 Spatulae/Setae 600 million to 6 billion @ 6. 7 n. N 4 to 40 N >> 0. 68 N Acceptable 19 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Conclusions vd. W Force unlikely to be operable at nanometer gaps between spatulae and surface Spatulae supplement electrostatic attraction from NPs EM confinement of k. T energy in Spatulae differs from that in NPs 20 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia

Questions & Papers Email: nanoqed@gmail. com http: //www. nanoqed. org 21 Eleventh Int. Conf. on Tribology - SERBIA ’ 09, May 13 -15, 2009 — Belgrade, Serbia