Thermophones by Quantum Mechanics Thomas Prevenslik QED Radiations

Thermophones by Quantum Mechanics Thomas Prevenslik QED Radiations Discovery Bay, Hong Kong 1 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Introduction Over a century ago, Stokes communicated to the Royal Society in 1880 the finding by Preece that electrical wires produced sound. In 1914, Rayleigh reported de Lange’s thermophone invention to the Royal Society 2 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Theory First presented by Arnold & Crandall in 1917. Classical heat transfer was used to determine the temperatures that cause the film vibrations that produce sound from air pressure changes 3 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Modified Theory In 2008, Xiao et al. showed sound was produced in thin films of CNTs. But the data could not be fit to the Arnold & Crandall theory. Modification allowed additional heat loss Qo to the air. 4 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Problems with Theory Ultrasonic vibration of the film to produce pressure changes was not found. Film temperature responds fast to cause pressure changes of colliding air molecules? Shimoda et al. * previously questioned whether the film can even respond at ultrasonic frequencies. “One might think the ultrasound generation by heat exchange is not possible, as thermal conduction is too slow. But we report here … an efficient ultrasound emitter” * “Thermally induced ultrasonic emission from porous silicon, ” Letters to Nature, Vol. 400, 26 August 1999. 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas 5

Hypothesis Thermophones by QM produce sound without vibration by emitting EM radiation that is absorbed in the air surroundings QM = Quantum Mechanics EM = Electromagnetic 6 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Heat Capacity – Classical v. QM Classical k. T 0. 0258 e. V QM Nanoscale 7 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Conservation of EM Energy Recall from QM, QED photons of wavelength are created by supplying EM energy to a box having sides separated by / 2. For thin film, = 2 d nr Conservation proceeds by creating QED photons inside the nanostructure - by frequency up - conversion of absorbed EM energy to the fundamental resonance of the nanostructure. QED = Quantum Electro. Dynamics 8 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

QED Induced Heat Transfer Non Thermal Emission T = 0 E = Photon Planck Energy d. N/dt = Photon Rate 9 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Thermophones as Thin Films* Classical heat transfer can not explain the reduced conductivity found in thin film experiments. Explanations based on revisions to Fourier theory by phonons as quanta in the BTE are difficult to understand usually concluded by hand-waving * See T. Prevenslik, “Heat Transfer in Thin Films, ” Third Int. Conf. on Quantum, Nano and Micro Technologies, ICQNM 2009, February 1 -6, Cancun, 2009: and proceedings of MNHMT 09 Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer International Conference, December 18 -21, 2009, Shanghai. 10 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Thin Film – Reduced Conductivity QJoule Effective Conductivity Substrate T Current Approach KS Film QQED QCond Keff = [Kf / df + KS / d. S ] / (df + d. S ) QCond = QJoule Keff T = Qcond (df + d. S )/A T large, Keff small QED Heat Transfer Kf df d. S QCond = QJoule - QQED ~ 0 Keff T = (QJoule- QQED) (df + d. S ) / A T small, Keff ~ Bulk 11

Thin Film - QED Estimate 12 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Thermophones by QM 13 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Thermophone – QM Response 14 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Thermophone - Conclusions Thermophones produce sound by the absorption of QED emission in the surrounding air. Prompt QED emission allows sound at ultrasonic frequencies to be produced without temperature changes or vibrations. 15 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas

Questions & Papers Email: nanoqed@gmail. com http: //www. nanoqed. org 16 12 th Intersociety Conf. Thermal Phenomenon in Electronic Systems ; June 2 -5, 2010, Las Vegas