Ms Dunsford ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN REVIEW Goals

Ms. Dunsford ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN REVIEW

Goals � Gain knowledge on D&A in order to: �Understand effects �Make positive decisions �Handle peer influence �Understand addiction �Realize influences �Seek help (if needed)

Agenda � Review of Drugs � Alcohol ○ Drinking & Driving � Marijuana � Nicotine & Caffeine � Prescription Drugs � Other drugs � Effects of Use Addiction � Stages of Addiction � Impact of Family & Society � Treatment & Recovery �

Alcohol � Drug – mood altering � Central nervous system Depressant � Effects every organ of body � Blocks messages to brain that alters your perceptions and emotion

FACTS - Alcohol � No. 1 abused substance by teens, illegal �Why? Before 14 more likely for addiction � 56. 3% Alberta teens use, 12% harmful use � 17. 6% use-ages 15 -17 in Canada (Health Canada, 2004)

SOCIETAL IMPACT � Readily available � Relatively inexpensive � Societal acceptance � Experimentation with alcohol to be “a right of passage”. � Teens model adult behavior � Media influences

Myths � Females have same effects of alcohol in same doses � 1 -2 drinks will not affect a person’s driving � Alcoholism is a choice, not a disease � Drinking alcohol makes you happier � The only reason drinking under 18 is illegal is because teens are considered irresponsible

Withdrawal Symptoms � Shaking (tremors), irritability � Sleep problems, nausea, anxiety � Hallucinations, convulsions, extreme agitation �A HANGOVER is withdrawal symptoms!

Chronic alcohol use Dependence and addiction � Damage to brain that are irreversible � Vitamin (B-1 -thiamine) deficiency - impaired memory, confusion or amnesia, and disorientation � Blackouts, short term memory � Ulcers, weakening heart muscles, liver damage � Facial changes, hoarseness, inflamed stomach �

Drinking & Driving 3 in 10 people will be in alcohol related car accident in their lives � # 1 cause of death 15 -19, 45% crashes alcohol/drug related � BAC – Blood Alcohol Concentration – level of alcohol in the blood stream – 0. 08 � Legal: � Temporary driving permit - 21 days, automatic 3 month driving suspension � A conviction will result in a minimum 12 month driving prohibition & minimum fine of $600 � Subsequent convictions can result in imprisonment.

BAL Chart

CANNABIS Marijuana – joint, tea, with food, water pipe � Many street names – weed, pot, reefer… � Depressant, though increase heart � THC - cannabis plant (tetrahydrocannabinol) � “Gateway drug” - more than 60% of marijuana users progress �

FACTS-marijuana � 27. 6% of teens in Alberta, 5. 8% abuse � 39. 3% use – ages 15 -17 in Canada (Health Canada, 2004) � One marijuana joint has as many chemicals as 1 tobacco cigarette � Traces of THC -30 days after use � Addiction does occur (psychological) � Desired effect -Euphoria, relaxation, alter perceptions � Undesired effects do exist…

Myths � Marijuana is natural & not harmful. � Marijuana is NOT addictive � Driving under the influence of marijuana does not impairs driving. � Eating while being “high” makes the experience last longer

Effects- marijuana - Heart Rate Increase Slows Reactions Effects Mood & Perceptions Confused or Anxious Reduce Short Term Memory Panic Attacks Cancer – lung, throat - A-motivation syndrome - Depression & Fatigue - Lowered Sperm Count - Underachievment - Tolerance and Addiction -

1)PRESCRIPTION MEDCATIONS � Tranqulizers �Sleeping pills, barbiturates �Example: Valium �Sense of calm to treat anxiety �Harmful Effects - Sleep problems, unconsciousness, addictive, stomach pain, mood or mental changes, dizziness, convulsions

Prescription Medications “OTC” = over the counter drugs Some examples: 1) Stimulants - Ritalin, Aderol 2) Depressants – Valium, Xanax & Rohypnol – date rape drug, lethal - sedative-hypnotic - causes muscle relaxation and amnesia

Prescription - cont 3) Opoids – examples: - A) Morphine, Codeine - B) Percocet /Oxy. Contin - commonly abused - increased effect with increased dose, orally or snorted, deadly Triple C – contains DXM � Cough and Cold Corcidin � Red pill taken orally � 10 -30 milligrams

UPPERS - Stimulants Drugs that Stimulate Central Nervous System Examples: � CAFFEINE AND NICOTINE � ECSTACY � COCAINE � AMPHETAMINE (meth)

1) NICOTINE Did YOU Know? - 26. 4% teens smoke in Alberta (2002) - 75% of young smokers want to quit - Nicotine is as addictive as heroin and cocaine - 90% of smokers started smoking before age 18 - Tobacco companies spend $16 million dollars a day on advertising (most target youth)

The TRUTH Cigarette smoke contains over 4, 000 chemicals - 50 cause cancer. � Smoking is one of the hardest addictions to overcome. � Nicotine & Caffeine have harmful effects! � �Addiction, chronic headaches, decreased appetite, anxiety, lung cancer � The good news: Every year, thousands quit smoking

2) ECSTACY � � � MDMA - Adam, ecstasy, E, X 5. 3 % teen use in Alberta 10. 1% us in Canada (Aged 15 -24: Canada Health, 2004) Pill, tablet, capsule Effects similar to those of amphetamines and cocaine use Harmful effects: depression, anxiety, paranoia, increased heart rate, teeth clenching, blurred vision, chills or sweating.

3) COCAINE � Street Names - “Crack, Blow, Coke” � 2. 9% teens use in Alberta, 9. 8% use in Canada (Aged 15 -24: Canada Health, 2004) � Powerfully addictive – dopamine - demo � Harmful effects-increased heart rate, anxiety, paranoia, depression

4) AMPHETAMINES Street Names – “Meth, Crystal Meth, Crank, Speed” � Orally or intravenously (snorting the powder), by intravenous injection, and by smoking � 5. 3 % teen use in Alberta � Harmful effects: irritability, insomnia, anxiety, paranoia, aggressiveness, convulsions, excessive weight loss, teeth �

METH � Tolerance develops rapidly � High doses leads to paranoia, hypersensitivity and impulsive behavior � Effects similar to those of cocaine � Meth Labs – common products, illegal, all ingredients are poisonous � Tweaking – 3 -15 hours no sleep, irritable, paranoid http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=at 3 Sg 6 qvg. TE � http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-hce. KVk. M 83 c �

DOWNERS Drugs that Depress Central Nervous System Examples: � ALCOHOL � TRANQUILLIZERS/PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS � NARCOTICS/OPIATES � INHALANTS

NARCOTICS The Opiates (or Narcotics) - made from opium poppy or chemicals with same effect Examples: � HEROIN � MORPHINE � OPIUM � METHADONE � Some prescription medication

One example: Herion � Street Names “ Smack, Junk, Horse” � Effects: Euphoria, fatal overdose, collapsed veins, infectious diseases, infection of the heart and liver disease. � Heroin costs - $2500 -$5000 an once (vary) � Harmful Effects-Damage to organs, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, malnutrition, convulsions, coma and death

INHALANTS � Depressants � 1, 000 common household products � Examples: Paint thinner, gasoline, hair spray, whipped cream dispensers, lighters, glue, polish remover � sniffed directly from an open container or "huffed" from a rag soaked � Signs of use – rash, odor, dizziness

FACTS- Inhalants 5. 6% Alberta teens have used, vs. 1. 4% in Canada (Aged 15 -24: Canada Health, 2004) � Are poisonous � Absorbed into bloodstream within minutes � Mixing with other drugs=coma or death � Physical effects – hearing loss, damage to brain, � liver, kidneys. � Harmful effects - Drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, severe headaches, depression, heart failure and death

“ALL -AROUNDERS” Drugs that have various effects on the Central Nervous System Examples: � CANNABIS � HALLUCINOGENS

HALLUCINOGENS Drugs that distort perception of reality Examples: � LSD � MUSHROOMS � PCP (Phencyclidine) � KETAMINE

LSD � Street Name – “Acid” � odorless, colorless, slightly bitter taste � Harmful effects: higher body temperature, sweating, sleeplessness, tremors, flashbacks, paranoia

MUSHROOMS & PCP � Mushrooms: – “shrouds, magic mushrooms” � 10. 4 % use � Poisonous � � � PCP - “Angel Dust” Was a surgical anesthetic, various drug effects animal tranquilizer Mostly smoked, liquid - sprayed on Effects: psychosis, coma, violent behavior

KETAMINE � Street Names - “Special K” � Animal tranquillizer - Powder or liquid � Has been used for “date rape” � Harmful effects: visual distortions, amnesia, impaired motor function and potentially fatal respiratory problems.

HALLUCINOGENS � EFFECTS OF USE �Distorted perceptions �Illusions, hallucinations �Violence or erratic behavior �Depression �“Awake” coma = catatonic syndrome �psychosis, death

STERIODS � Anabolic Steroids � Examples: Depo-testosterone, durabolin � Reason for Use - Increased muscle � Effects different-gender � Harmful Effects – Liver cysts, retards growth of bones, hardens arteries, aggressiveness, high blood pressure, heart attack

What is Addiction? � Change in brain chemistry � Affects neurotransmitters that affect: � Alertness (norepinephrine) �Cravings (dopamine) �Reward seeking behaviors (seratonin) � Need more drug to have same release=effect � http: //www. nida. nih. gov/scienceofaddicti on/brain. html

Addiction Activity � Listen to story � Follow instructions at each vignette � First, with your paper � 2 favourite things on PURPLE � 2 favourite hobbies on GREEN � 2 goals for yourself on PINK � 2 favourite people on GOLD

Discussion � How did you feel ripping up first 2? � Second, third, fourth 2 pieces of paper? � What was the easiest, hardest? � How does ripping up “x” relate to addition? � How would it feel to loose all of this?

STAGES OF ADDICTION � Abstinence / No use � Social / Experimental/ Recreational �Easy to get “high”, misuse, with friends � Regular Use �Use frequent, tolerance, negative effects � Preoccupation / Abuse �Constant thoughts, unsuccessful to stop � Addiction / Dependence

Signs of Addiction � � � � Tolerance Dramatic change in mood School or work problems Denial of problem Lying about use Having supply of drug Using while alone � � � Relationship Problems Memory loss Minimizing use Health problems Loss of control while using Suicidal thoughts

Overdose – what to do � Mental Confusion � Vomiting � Seizures � Slow breathing � Hypthermia � What to do: �Call 911 – Get help �Recovery Position

Addiction & Treatment � Prevention is key! � Indications of Addiction � What if someone you know is addicted or headed towards addiction? � Getting help – recovery and treatment ○ Support Organizations - Alcoholics Anonymous, AL -ANON, ALATEEN ○ Organizations – i. e. Alberta Health Services