Little Man Computer and Instruction Cycle IT 110

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Little Man Computer and Instruction Cycle IT 110: Computer Organization

Little Man Computer and Instruction Cycle IT 110: Computer Organization

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of MIT in 1965 – A model for how computers execute programs IT 110: Computer Organization

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of MIT in 1965 – A model for how computers execute programs Englander, 2009, p. 182 IT 110: Computer Organization

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of MIT in 1965 –Input A model and for how computers execute programs output from and to the user Englander, 2009, p. 182 IT 110: Computer Organization

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer Add, subtract, multiply and – Developed by

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer Add, subtract, multiply and – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of MIT in 1965 divide for how computers execute programs – A model numbers. Englander, 2009, p. 182 IT 110: Computer Organization

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of MIT in 1965 – A model for how computers execute programs Memory holding both programs and data Englander, 2009, p. 182 IT 110: Computer Organization

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of MIT in 1965 – A model for how computers execute programs Address (mailbox) of the next instruction to be executed Englander, 2009, p. 182 IT 110: Computer Organization

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – Developed by Dr. Stuart Madnick of MIT in 1965 – A model for how computers execute programs Control unit coordinating the other components Englander, 2009, p. 182 IT 110: Computer Organization

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – The Little Man executes instructions that

A Model for Computation Little Man Computer – The Little Man executes instructions that are stored in memory. Like everything else, these are encoded. Just numbers in each field representing something to do, and what to do it on. IT 110: Computer Organization

A Model for Computation Mnemonic Code Description LDA 5 XX Load calculator with data

A Model for Computation Mnemonic Code Description LDA 5 XX Load calculator with data from box XX STO 3 XX Store calculator value in box XX ADD 1 XX Add data in box XX to calculator SUB 2 XX Subtract data in box XX from calculator IN 901 Get input from inbox, put in calculator OUT 902 Write calculator total to outbox HLT 000 Stop executing BRZ 7 XX Zero? Next instruction is in box XX BRP 8 XX Positive? Next instruction is in box XX BR 6 XX Next instruction is in box XX DAT Data storage reserved IT 110: Computer Organization

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Fetch – Little Man looks at the instruction counter.

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Fetch – Little Man looks at the instruction counter. – Little Man retrieves the instruction from the mailbox indicated by the counter. – Little Man increments the instruction counter. – Execute – Little Man performs the instruction retrieved from the previous step. IT 110: Computer Organization

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: Read two numbers, add them, output the

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: Read two numbers, add them, output the result. Box Assembly Code 01 IN 901 02 STO 07 307 03 IN 901 04 ADD 07 107 05 OUT 902 06 HLT 000 07 DAT 000 IT 110: Computer Organization

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the result Box Assembly Code 01 IN 901 02 STO 07 307 03 IN 901 04 ADD 07 107 05 OUT 902 06 HLT 000 07 DAT 000 IT 110: Computer Organization

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the result Box Assembly Code 01 IN 901 02 STO 07 307 03 IN 901 04 ADD 07 107 05 OUT 902 06 HLT 000 07 DAT 000 IT 110: Computer Organization

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the result Box Assembly Code 01 IN 901 02 STO 07 307 03 IN 901 04 ADD 07 107 05 OUT 902 06 HLT 000 07 DAT 000 IT 110: Computer Organization

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the result Box Assembly Code 01 IN 901 02 STO 07 307 03 IN 901 04 ADD 07 107 05 OUT 902 06 HLT 000 07 DAT 000 IT 110: Computer Organization

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the result Box Assembly Code 01 IN 901 02 STO 07 307 03 IN 901 04 ADD 07 107 05 OUT 902 06 HLT 000 07 DAT 000 IT 110: Computer Organization

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the

Executing Instructions Execute cycle – Example program: read two numbers, add them, output the result Box Assembly Code 01 IN 901 02 STO 07 307 03 IN 901 04 ADD 07 107 05 OUT 902 06 HLT 000 07 DAT 000 IT 110: Computer Organization

Little Man Computer and Instruction Cycle Summary – LMC is a model for computation

Little Man Computer and Instruction Cycle Summary – LMC is a model for computation based on real principles. – Instructions consist of an operation and, optionally, an operand on which to act. – Fetch/execute cycle (simple): – Retrieve instruction indicated by PC. – Increment program counter. – Execute instruction. – Operations of load, store, add, subtract, input, output, and branching are the simplest possible instruction set. IT 110: Computer Organization

References – Englander, I. (2009). The architecture of computer hardware and systems software: an

References – Englander, I. (2009). The architecture of computer hardware and systems software: an information technology approach. Wiley. IT 110: Computer Organization

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