Joints Movement and Injuries What are joints Jointsplaces

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Joints, Movement and Injuries

Joints, Movement and Injuries

What are joints? • Joints-places where two bones articulate or come together. • The

What are joints? • Joints-places where two bones articulate or come together. • The human body contains three types of joints: – Fibrous – Cartilaginous – Synovial

Fibrous Joints • Found where bones have close contact with each other. • Connective

Fibrous Joints • Found where bones have close contact with each other. • Connective tissue found between the joint • Little to no movement • Ex. Found between the sutures of the skull

Cartilaginous joints • Found where shock absorption occurs. • Hyaline cartilage or fibro-cartilage found

Cartilaginous joints • Found where shock absorption occurs. • Hyaline cartilage or fibro-cartilage found between the joint. • Limited movement, twisting and bending. • Found between the vertebrae, sternum to ribs and pubis bone.

Synovial Joints • Most of the joints in the skeletal system are synovial joints

Synovial Joints • Most of the joints in the skeletal system are synovial joints which allow free movement. • Includes hyaline cartilage, connective tissue, synovial membrane and fluid and bursa. • Classified into six categories: Ball and Socket, Hinge, Saddle, Condylar (ellipsoid), Pivot and Plane (gliding)

Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Figure 5. 29 a–c Copyright © 2003

Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Figure 5. 29 a–c Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide

Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Figure 5. 29 d–f Copyright © 2003

Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape Figure 5. 29 d–f Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide

1. Ball-and-Socket joint • Ball shaped head of one bone connects to cup-shaped cavity

1. Ball-and-Socket joint • Ball shaped head of one bone connects to cup-shaped cavity of another. • Allows circular motion and motion in all planes. • Hip and shoulder

2. Condylar joint (ellipsoid) • Oval shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity of

2. Condylar joint (ellipsoid) • Oval shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity of another. • Variety of movements in different planes but not rotational. (twisting) • Metacarpals connection with the phalanges.

3. Plane Joints • Flat and curved surfaces connect. • Allows sliding and gliding

3. Plane Joints • Flat and curved surfaces connect. • Allows sliding and gliding motion. • Bones of wrist and ankle.

4. Hinge Joint • Convex surface of one bone connects to concave surface of

4. Hinge Joint • Convex surface of one bone connects to concave surface of another. • Movement in one plane. (like a door) • Elbow, knee and phalanges.

5. Pivot joint • Cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed

5. Pivot joint • Cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament. • Movement around a central axis-rotation. • Atlas (the Greek god who supported the world on his shoulders) and axis in cervical vertebrae. • Radius/ulna and atlas/axis

6. Saddle joint • Connect bones with convex and concave surfaces. • Variety of

6. Saddle joint • Connect bones with convex and concave surfaces. • Variety of movements in two planes. • Bones at carpal and metacarpal of thumb.

Disorders of joints § Injuries § Sprains § Dislocations § Torn cartilage § Inflammatory

Disorders of joints § Injuries § Sprains § Dislocations § Torn cartilage § Inflammatory and degenerative conditions § Bursitis § Tendinitis § Arthritis § § Osteoarthritis (“DJD” – degenerative joint disease) Rheumatoid arthritis (one of many “autoimmune” arthritites) Gout (crystal arthropathy) Septic arthritis-bacterial infection

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