Introduction to Cardiovascular system Cardiovascular system Also called
- Slides: 35
Introduction to Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system • Also called the circulatory system • Allows blood to circulate and transport – Nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes) – Oxygen and carbon dioxide – Hormones – Blood cells • To and from the cells in the body to provide • Nourishment and help in fighting diseases.
Cardiovascular system • Stabilize temperature and p. H • Maintain homeostasis. • The study of the blood flow is called hemodynamics.
Cardiovascular system
Cardio vascular system • The heart is a double pump heart arteries arterioles veins venules capillaries
The Heart • Approximately the size of your fist • Location – Superior surface of diaphragm – Left of the midline – Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum
The Heart
Coverings of the Heart • Pericardium – a double-walled sac around the heart composed of: – A superficial fibrous pericardium – A deep two-layer serous pericardium • The parietal layer lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium • The visceral layer or epicardium lines the surface of the heart • They are separated by the fluid-filled pericardial cavity • Pericardial fluid : 25 -30 ml
Coverings of the Heart
Coverings of the Heart • The Function of the Pericardium: 1. Protects and anchors the heart 2. Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood 3. Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment
Wall of the heart • Epicardium – visceral layer of the serous pericardium • Myocardium – cardiac muscle layer forming the bulk of the heart • Endocardium – endothelial layer of the inner myocardial surface
Wall of the heart
Wall of the heart • Myocardium 1. Contractile fibres 2. Pacemaker fibres 3. Conductive system
Major Vessels of the Heart Vessels returning blood to the heart include: 1. Superior and inferior venae cavae 2. Right and left pulmonary veins Vessels conveying blood away from the heart include: – Pulmonary trunk, which splits into right and left pulmonary arteries – Ascending aorta (three branches) – • Brachiocephalic • Left common carotid • Subclavian arteries
Atria of the Heart • Atria are the receiving chambers of the heart • Each atrium has a protruding auricle • Pectinate muscles mark atrial walls • Blood enters right atria from superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus • Blood enters left atria from pulmonary veins
Ventricles of the Heart • Papillary muscles and trabeculae carneae muscles mark ventricular walls • Right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk • Left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
Myocardial Thickness and Function • Thickness of myocardium varies according to the function of the chamber • Atria are thin walled, deliver blood to adjacent ventricles • Ventricle walls are much thicker and stronger – Right ventricle supplies blood to the lungs (little flow resistance) – Left ventricle wall is the thickest to supply systemic circulation
Heart Valves
Heart Valves • Heart valves ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart • Atrioventricular (AV) valves lie between the atria and the ventricles – Mitral valve between left atrium and left ventricle – Tricuspid valve between right atrium and right ventricle • AV valves prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract • Chordae tendineae anchor AV valves to papillary muscles
Heart Valves • Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles • Aortic semilunar valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta • Pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Atrioventricular Valve Function
Semilunar Valve Function
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs • Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle • Right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary arteries lungs • Lungs pulmonary veins left atrium • Left atrium bicuspid (mitral) valve left ventricle • Left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta • Aorta systemic circulation
Pathway of Blood Through the Heart and Lungs
Microscopic Anatomy of Heart Muscle • Cardiac muscle is striated, short, branched, and interconnected • Intercalated discs anchor cardiac cells together and allow free passage of ions • Heart muscle behaves as a physiological syncytium • Atrial syncytium Atrioventricular ring • Ventricular syncytium
Muscle fibres
Anterior View
Posterior View
Properties • • Chronotropicity Inotropicity Dromotropicity Bathmotropicity
Conducting system
- Introduction of cardiovascular system
- Decimal system is also called as
- Uninformed search
- How is citric acid cycle regulated
- What is specification based testing
- Pharynx parts
- A workbook is also called a
- Primary decomposers
- Glasses also called eyeglasses (formal)
- It is also called figurative language
- Diphthongs are also called
- Citric acid cycle definition
- What are the examples exercises in axial movements
- Alkanes are also called
- Register is a group of
- Bus stop method
- Womb is also called
- Random scan display is also called as
- Is also called as data selector.
- Circle graph is also called
- Womb is also called
- Formal equivalence nida
- Womb is also called
- Womb is also called
- Adjacency in image processing
- Womb is also called
- Bit byte stuffing
- Ac voltage controller circuit
- Sharks phylum
- This is a brief work of fiction
- Dominance
- What are capital resources examples
- Example of direct method in language teaching
- What is physiological density ap human geography
- Anti hemorrhagic vitamin
- Permanent hardness is also called as