Reproduction Unit Reproduction in General stage of sexual

Reproduction Unit

Reproduction in General = stage of sexual development in which males and females become physically able to produce babies. n Puberty – Females = between the ages of 8 & 13 - Males = between the ages of 12 & 16 n Secondary Sex Characteristics = (SSC) physical changes that occur during puberty.

Female Reproduction n Female SSC – 1. underarm hair – 2. pubic hair – 3. Wider hips – 4. Larger breasts

Reproduction in General n Pituitary = pea-sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. It secretes hormones. n Hormones = chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands. They produce body changes.

Female Hormones n Estrogen =causes reproductive organs and SSC to mature at puberty. n Progesterone = helps to prepare a female’s body to maintain a developing baby.

Female Reproductive Organs n Ovaries n = Female reproductive glands. Females have 2 ovaries, one on each side of the body at hip level. They are the size of an almond Ova =Egg, sex cell produced by the ovaries. n Fallopian tubes =Serve as passageway for ova to move from each ovary to the uterus. They are 3 to 5 inches long.

Female Reproductive Organs (Continued) n Uterus = hollow, pear shaped organ. It is also called the womb. It is the size of a fist. n Cervix = small opening at the lower end of the uterus. It is the size of the opening of a straw. n Vagina = the name of the birth canal.

Female Reproduction (Continued) n Ovulation = the release of an ovum(egg) from the ovaries.

Female Reproduction (Continued) n Each month the lining of the uterus begins to thicken. This change prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum(egg). n = If the uterus does not receive a fertilized ovum (egg), the tissue breaks down and is passed out of the body through the vagina. Menstruation

Male Reproductive System are the male reproductive glands. Males have 2 of these glands. n Testes = is produced by the testes. Also known as the male sex cells. n Sperm

Male Hormone n Testosterone = produced by the testes. It is responsible for the male secondary sex characteristics (SSC).

Male Secondary Sex Characteristics (SSC) List the 4 male secondary sex characteristics. 1. Underarm and pubic hair. n 2. Facial hair. 3. Deepening voice. 4. Broadened shoulders.

Male Reproductive Organs (continued) n Vas deferens = the tubes which connect the testes with the seminal vesicles. = secrete (release) a sugary fluid that nourishes the sperm. n Seminal vesicles n Prostate = secretes a thin, milky fluid which keeps the sperm alive and active.

Male Reproduction (continued) n = a mixture of the fluids produced by the seminal vesicles and prostate gland sperm. Semen n Urethra = the tube through which semen exits the body.

Male Reproduction (continued) n Scrotum = saclike pouch that holds the testes. It helps control the temperature of the testes. n Foreskin = layer of skin at the tip of the penis. n Circumcision = surgical removal of the foreskin.

Human Reproduction n At one time you were no larger than a tiny Dot. (. ) You were a single cell. n Fertilization = the union of the male sperm cell and the female ovum (egg).

Fun…

Twins n n Fraternal twins = 2 ovum(eggs) are released. Each baby has their own placenta and amniotic sac. Identical twins = 1 ovum(eggs) is released. The egg divides and splits. The babies are within the same amniotic sac, but each has their own placenta.

Human Reproduction n Placenta = the round, flat, organ filled with blood vessels that is connected to the embryo (baby) by an Umbilical cord – The mother’s and baby’s blood vessels are close to each other in the umbilical cord. Food, oxygen, and waste materials pass back and forth from the mom to the baby.

Human Reproduction n Prenatal = the care of the mom and baby before birth (while the mom is pregnant). n Obstetrician = the name of the doctor who specializes in pregnancy care and the delivery of a baby.

3 Stages of Labor (can take between 12 -15 hours. Could take up to 24 hours. ) n Stage 1 = Begins with contractions of the muscles in the uterus. The amniotic sac (fluid filled sac around the baby) breaks. “Water Broke” The stage ends when the baby’s head enters the vagina can take several hours) n Stage 2 =Contractions push the baby through the birth canal. The Dr. ties the Umbilical cord and cuts it close to the baby’s body (in approximately 2 weeks the stub dries and falls off, creating the belly button.

3 Stages of Labor (Continued) 3 = The muscles in the uterus contract and push the rest of the umbilical cord and Placenta through the birth canal. n This ends labor, the contractions stop and the uterus slowly returns to its normal size. n Stage