Ilia Dmitriev INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES

Ilia Dmitriev INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES

Codes of the particles � Every known fundamental fermion or boson can be expressed as 8 -bit code. � The codes have the structure of two bit triangles accompanied with the bit pair. � The two triangles are codes of color and/or flavor. � The electric charge, lepton- and baryonnumbers can be derived from the code

Codes of fermions’ electrical charge and derived properties

Fermion codes

Boson codes

Code of vacuum condensate � The code for singlet photon is vacant � The particle with this code should be scalar, zero-charged, colorless, but with internal helicity. � Higgs boson is its heavy anti-particle � The vacuum supposed to be totally filled with this background particle as the honeycomb.

Vacuum structure � Vacuum 5 x 5 x 5 honeycomb is a Higgs field with a structure of Weaire. Phelan honeycomb. Translation unit � Pieces of positive and negative potential are alternated achieving the minimal possible energy � The charge of every piece is ±⅙ e.

CP-symmetry and its violation Dual-charged Weair-Phelan structure has two sub-lattices that are almost CPsymmetrical, i. e. have opposite charges and handedness. � So each fermion can exist in one of two variants in each sub-lattice, having the same charge but different defect structure and handedness. � The tiny asymmetry is caused by the additional translation on the half-length of the unit, that is required to match CPchanged structure with original. �

Fermions � Leptons and quarks are anti-site defects in vacuum structure, involving up to 5 neighboring pieces. � When the structure became defected, its geometry can also get distorted. vacuum electron

Bosons � Gluons, photons and weak bosons are also the anti-site defects � Unlike fermions, they can align together forming condensates. � Condensate is the media of interaction.

Supersymmetry There are several methods how to split Weaire-Phelan honeycomb to translation units. � When the particle is observed in the wrong translation unit, it can be treated as two new particles. � They can be the particles known as super-symmetrical partners. � Also there can be heavy nonstable anti-particles with up to 8 pieces changed � gluino

Higgs mechanism The mass of particle is the energy of vacuum structure distortion. � The distortion is caused by the particles, which are anti-site structure defects. � The square of inter-phase surface is greater for most defects. � Some defects do not distort the structure, since all square changes are mutual compensated. � So some particles have mass of zero but others have non-zero masses. �

Neutrinos � Neutrinos are the low-distorting defects among fermions having the least masses. e-Neutrino

Higgs boson is not necessary � Higgs boson found in LHC experiment seems to be the singlet state of Z 0. � It also can be considered as heavy antiparticle of the vacuum having inverted charge in all 8 pieces. � There is no need in dedicated Higgs boson to explain the Higgs mechanism, because all the particles are excitations of the Higgs field.

Gravity � � � The gravity is the distortion of the vacuum structure caused by the particles as defects in it. This explains why masses always cause gravity. The distortion is not just local, it propagates onto neighboring units and forth. The field of distortion is classical, not quantum. The graviton is not a fundamental particle but a quasi-particle like phonon. The waves of distortion can propagate through the vacuum structure like sound, as gravity waves

Cosmology The Universe border considered as structure defect, should be massive and therefore cause gravity directing outside, attracting galaxies. � So the vacuum in the Universe is slightly distorted by it’s border, forming gravity field; its energy is ‘dark energy’. � The inflation of the Universe could be explained as the spontaneous condensation into the Weaire. Phelan phase from empty space with zero potential outside. � The condensation on the border is not CPsymmetrical since it has chirality, and therefore non -B-conserving. This causes baryon asymmetry. �

Dark matter can exist in form of relict empty space pieces, for instance more thick walls between charged pieces, and zero charged pieces in-place. � Since dodecahedral zero-charged pieces alone seem to be stable and they do not touch each other, they could form the dark matter without ability to condensate. � Dark matter chaotic movement may cause effects looking like fluctuations. �

Uniform interaction � The approach of exploring structured codes and treating the Higgs field as an electrically-charged honeycomb gives the way to explain all the known particles and interactions. � The Quantum and GR theories become compatible.

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