HIST 151 Our Lives Our Fortunes and Our

HIST 151 “Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” Essay 3

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Non-British Population in British North America 1. ______ – almost 60% 2. German – 6% 3. Scots-Irish – 7% 4. Other non-British Europeans – 5% 5. Black Africans – 20%

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • • Features of American Society 1. Equality 2. _______ 3. Lawyers 3. Agriculture 4. Transportation ← Colonial Lawyer James Otis

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 5. Religion • Anglicanism and Congregationalism • New England – Puritanism (Congregationalism & Presbyterianism) • New York/Virginia/ Carolinas – _______ • Rhode Island – Baptist • Maryland – _______ • Pennsylvania – Potpourri ← Jonathan Edwards

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • 1 st Great ________ (1730 s & 1740 s) • Fear of a loss in spiritual purity • Religious rejuvenation

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Role of the 1 st Great Awakening on Revolutionary Spirit A. National _____ B. Education C. Rise of the _____ D. Challenge of established authority E. Itinerant preachers ← Rev. George Whitfield

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Background to the American Revolution 1. Puritans and Pilgrims • Principle of ____________ • Christian principles -- political liberty • Historical mission

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 2. Seven Years’ War • British vs. French in the New World • British PM William ________ • ← Treaty of Paris • Proclamation of 1763

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Imperial Reorganization of the Colonies • __________ • Perception by the colonists as secondclass citizens within the British Empire (Cape Breton Island) • ← Col. George Washington

Seven Years’ War (French & Indian War)

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • The Revolutionary Era 1. Sugar Act (1764) ← George ______ 2. Quartering Act 3. ________ Act (1765) • Supported British military in America

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Stamp Act Congress • “No Taxation without _________” • Virtual Representation • Non-Importation Agreement • Declaratory Act

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 2. Townshend Acts (1767) • _________ Act • Tax on a variety of articles including _______ • Smuggling • Economic pressure ← Charles Townshend

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Committee of Correspondence • Sons of ______ • Boston Massacre – March 1770 • Repeal of the Acts, except _____

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 3. Boston Tea Party • _______Act of 1773 • Tea trade _______given to the East India Tea Company • December 1773 • ← Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 4. Intolerable Acts • _______ Acts • Boston Port Act • Revocation of Massachusetts charter • Increased British military presence in Massachusetts • _______ Act of 1774

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • First Continental Congress – September 1774 A. The _______ B. Non-Importation C. Non-Exportation D. Non-Consumption • Declaration of Rights

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Lexington and ________ (April 1775) • General Thomas Gage • Committee of _____ – militia • Minutemen • Paul Revere

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • British Advantages 1. ________ Army 2. Navy 3. Defending the monarchy

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • American Advantages 1. George Washington 2. Benjamin Franklin 3. John Adams 4. Thomas Jefferson 5. Fighting on ______ soil 6. British blunders • Poor political leadership • Use of _________ • British overconfidence

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 5. American Revolutionary Ideology • ← John _____ • Two Treatises on Government • Government as a “social _____”

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Algernon _______ • Discourses on Government • Natural Rights • Liberty and _______ • “A general presumption that Kings will govern well, is not a sufficient security to the People” • “That equality which is just among equals is just only among equals. ”

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Second Continental Congress – May 1775 1. Appointment of George Washington 2. Thomas Paine – ______ 3. Olive Branch Petition

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 3. Declaration of Independence • Richard Henry _____: “these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states. ”

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • ______ Rights • Grievances against the British • Formal Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Most Important Feature of the Declaration of Independence • _________!!! • Breathes life into our fundamental law • It is the “conscience of the Constitution” • Establishes the fundamental rights and liberties of all people • Calls for the creation of a government to “secure the Blessings of Liberty” • Control _________ majorities

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” • Revolutionary Battles 1. Ticonderoga and Crown’s Point • ______ and the Green Mountain Boys • Benedict Arnold

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 2. ______’s Creek Bridge and Charleston Harbor

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 3. Escape from _________ • Brooklyn Heights • Harlem Heights

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 4. Battles of Princeton and Trenton • December 1776 • Defeat of _______ troops

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 4. _____– Winter 1776 -77 • American Unity • Alexander Hamilton • John Marshall • Impact of the Valley Forge experience on future leaders of the United States

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 5. Saratoga • British general John Burgoyne defeated by General Horatio _______ • Benjamin Franklin • _______ Agreement

“Our Lives, Our Fortunes, and Our Sacred Honor” 6. _________ (Oct. 1781) • Treaty of Paris • American Independence • Land Birthright • Winning the War • Winning the _______?