Facolt di Scienze Economiche Giuridiche e Politiche Economia

Facoltà di Scienze Economiche, Giuridiche e Politiche Economia e Gestione dei Servizi Turistici Lingua Inglese UNIT 1 – TOURISM TODAY Olga Denti a. a. 2019/2020

«Sardinia, (…) is like nowhere (…) has no history, no date, no race, no offering (…) neither Romans nor Phoenicians, Greeks nor Arabs ever subdued Sardinia. It lies outside; outside the circuit of civilization (…) But there is an uncaptured Sardinia still. » D. H. Lawrence, Sea and Sardinia, 1927

Tourism today English words connected with tourism today……

The evolution of the concept of tourism and tourist • Early forms: people going to the Olympic Games in ancient Greece, the Roman aristocracy moving to summer country residences to rest and laze around, or to sea houses to play and have fun, often near thermal and wellness centres, and • in the Middle Ages, pilgrims undertaking journeys for religious reasons.

• After the Middle Ages: Europe’s periphery to discover new lands, new prospects, especially new business opportunities, new people, new cultures. • The XVII century Grand Tour: tourism no longer conceived as a religious journey for the discovery and fortification of faith, or as an adventure to discover new worlds, but as a ludic and cultural activity, driven by Renaissance ideals.

• Tourism role: enabling people to meet and exchange interests, traditions, cultures • After the Napoleonic campaigns & the industry restart: from the Grand Tour to grand tourism, and mass tourism • In the 1950 s and 1960 s: mass tourism as a phenomenon connotated with triviality, shallowness and loss of authenticity (social control) • A comeback to traditions & cultural tourism

• The tourist: a sort of pilgrim who visits the attractions of a destination, the symbols of different cultures, lifestyles, and traditions. • A search of the Self v the Other: the pursuit of new territories and spaces, languages and worlds • Tourism: travelling and relaxation, the experience of new traditions, food and habits, nice memories and happiness, as well as diversity and uniqueness • Today’s tourism: education & sophistication

What is the difference? • Trip (n) – an outward and return journey, often for a specific purpose (syn. tour, voyage). • Excursion (n) – a short outward and return journey, esp for relaxation, sightseeing, etc. • Travel (n) – the act of traveling. As a verb, to go, move, or journey from one place to another; (transitive) to go, move, or journey through or across (an area, region, etc. ); to go, move, or cover a specified or unspecified distance.

Some more meanings… • Travel: the act of journeying Riding, roving, wandering, rambling, sailing, touring, biking, hiking, cruising, driving, wayfaring, going abroad, seeing the world, sight-seeing, voyaging, trekking, flying, globe-trotting, space travel, rocketing, orbiting, interstellar travel, intercontinental travel, jet travel, visit • Visit (n) – stay; (v) to make a visit

Tourism today • Great development since the 1980 s: the advent of the Internet • Data and forecasts: tourism key statistical data Ø The number of international tourist arrivals Ø The number of domestic tourist visits Ø Outbound (people travelling away from the country of residence) visitor expenditure Ø Inbound (people entering your country) visitor expenditure

• Tourism involves: Ø Temporary visits Ø Travel to an area other than the area where the tourist normally resides Ø Travel for leisure Ø Travel for business (but excluding trips where the traveler is remunerated from within the country visited) Ø good management, teamwork, customer satisfaction and, therefore, communication and intercultural skills, foreign languages, and especially English

Reading comprehension (p. 4) Match each word with its definition • • • Activity holidays Computer link-ups Computer reservations Holograms Long haul Mass tourism Orbiting the Earth Short breaks Underwater § § § § § Flights over long distances Bookings Connections, associations Brief holidays Large-scale tourism Rotating, circling Submerged, submarine Three-dimensional image Involving walking, cycling, etc.

What is the difference? • Tour operators – operate tours, combining tour and travel components to create a holiday. Niche tour operators specialize in destinations • Travel agents – inform and promote, helping you to make a choice. Once the trip is booked, you are in the hands of a tour operator

Some more questions… • True/false: Ø Tourism had an extraordinary development during the 1950 s and the 1980 s Ø Future devices will be very expensive Ø Travelling always involves experiencing natural environments Ø Technology will replace face-to-face meetings Ø Future holidays will be longer, farther and standardized

• PARA I – find a synonym for the noun growth • PARA II – what is a breakthrough? • PARA III – find in the text two words which mean the opposite (e. g. , win/lose) • PARA IV – from the grammatical point of view, less is … • PARA V – find a synonym for the adjective marine • PARA VI – compound nouns: closed-circuit, inter-office, link-ups, long-haul

Writing skills: what is this article about? • General introduction (usually the article’s first paragraph(s) • Details • Conclusions with future developments

Years 1984 2002 Decimals 16. 5 17. 38% 0. 185 SAYING NUMBERS Currencies £ 3. 15 $7. 80 Bigger Numbers 3560 598, 347 1, 300, 402 1 m 3 bn $478 m £ 7. 5 bn

Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri Your week’s emotional state Sat Sun

T R E N D S VERB NOUN decline A decline decrease A decrease double A doubling (rare) drop A drop fall A fall fluctuate A fluctuation gain A gain halve A halving (rare) improve An improvement increase An increase Level off A levelling off Peak A peak plummet A plummet (rare) recover A recovery rise A rise Rocket / triple A rocket / a tripling (rare)

TRENDS Prepositions Profits rose 11% to $2. 7 bn Profits have gone up from 3 m to 4 m euros Our business grew by 10% last year There’s been a decrease of 4 m euros Last year profits stood at 2. 5 m pounds Adjectives and adverbs There was a dramatic fall; shares fell dramatically The similarities between Enron and Ahold are striking Prices fluctuated mildly, dropped slightly, rose steadily Prices reached a peak, stocks had a dramatic and sudden fall 20

Describing change & consequence (p. 120) • Current trends: present continuous, present Current trends continuous passive + time expressions such as currently, nowadays, at the moment; • Past trends: simple past, simple past passive, past Past trends continuous , present perfect, past perfect + time expressions; • Result or consequence: 1. tense (past, present, or Result or consequence future); 2. verbs such as lead to, result in; 3. expressions such as as a consequence, as a result; 4. the verb to mean.

Useful phrases Re-order these words to make phrases for referring to visuals in a presentation. 25 you from this graph as can see… _________________________ 26 on it’s this obvious slide… _________________________ 27 this here to the see figures led you. _________________________ 28 notice table from you’ll this … _________________________ 29 shows what chart clearly this I mean _________________________ 30 a this flow look at take chart. _________________________ 22

Giving opinions, agreeing, & disagreeing • • • Asking for an opinion Giving an opinion Agreeing Disagreeing Neither agreeing nor disagreeing (expressing reservations)

Words with more than a value: pronunciation Record u Export u Import u Concern u Program u to record to export to import to concern to program 24

Prefixes Add the following prefixes to the adjectives below to make words with the opposite meaning. Use a dictionary if necessary. unindisim 1. Formal 4. polite 7. friendly 10. respectful 2. Satisfied 5. practical 8. efficient 11. patient 3. Honest 6. considerate 9. important 12. appropriate Someone who is bad-mannered is impolite Someone who. . . 1. . doesn’t tell the truth is ______ 2. . wants to do things in a hurry and finish quickly ______ 3. . doesn’t like other people and doesn’t want to talk is _______ 4. . works slowly and doesn’t do their job well is ______ 5. . doesn’t think about other people’s needs or wishes is ______ 6. . isn’t happy with the way things happened is _______

Phonetics Match column A with column B A • forecast • breakthrough • future • holiday • tourism • mass • prediction • journey B • /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ • /ˈdʒ 3ːnɪ/ • /ˈfjuːtʃəʳ/ • /ˈbreɪkθruː/ • /mæs/ • /ˈhɒlədɪ/ • /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ • /prɪˈdɪkʃən/

What words do you recognize? • • /'kʌmpənɪ/ /ˈvɪzɪt/ /ˈliːʒəʳ/ /'strʌktʃə(r)/ /rɪ'laɪəbl/ /'kʌstmaɪz/ /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəlɪ/ /grəʊ/ /tekˈnɒlədʒɪ/ /'bɪznɪs/ /'gləʊbl/ /dɪˈveləpmənt/ /ˈtʊərɪst/ /ɪnˈvaɪərənmənt/ /ˈtʊəʳ/ /ˈɒpəreɪtəʳ/ /diːˈkriːs/ 27