EQs 1 What is feudalism and why did

EQ’s: 1. What is feudalism and why did it spread across Europe? 2. What is the manor system and why did it develop?

Collapse of Rome in the late 400’s was the beginning of an over 1, 000 year period known as the Middle Ages Also called the Medieval Times/Period or the Dark Ages During most of the Middle Ages Europe contained many small kingdoms that often fought one another for power over land, politics, religion, and more

Europe borders the Atlantic Ocean on the West Borders Arctic Ocean to North Borders Mediterranean Sea to the South Borders Ural Mts. Separating it from Asia in the East

Cold winters in North, mild winters in South Hot dry summers Plenty of rainfall A lot of forests and farm land Europe became home to many small kingdoms and estates that thrived on their own during the Middle Ages. This was due in large part to the favorable climate and topography which allowed people to take and produce much of what they needed from the land

Video: Geography of Europe (5 mins) : //www. youtube. com/watch? v=raso. Tvf 9 UU o

Map of Medieval Europe ASIA AFRICA (not shown)

QUESTION 1: What continent is located south of Europe? Answer 1: Africa is the continent that is south of Europe.

Map of Medieval Europe North Sea ASIA Atlantic Ocean Black Sea Mediterranean Sea

QUESTION 2: In what ways might these bodies of water influenced life in Medieval Europe? Answer 2: These bodies of water allowed traders to move goods throughout Europe more easily but also made settlements along coastal areas at risk of attack by invaders.

Map of Medieval Europe ASIA North Sea Thames Da nu Atlantic Ocean be Se ine Black Sea Mediterranean Sea

QUESTION 3: Why do you think large medieval cities were located along rivers? Answer 3: Large cities may have been located along rivers because it was easier in medieval Europe to travel and ship goods by water.

Map of Medieval Europe ASIA North Sea Thames Da nu Atlantic Ocean be Car path ^^^^ Se ine ians ^^^ ^Alps ^Pyrenees ^^^ Mediterranean Sea Black Sea

QUESTION 4: What effect do you think these mountains had on life in medieval Europe? Answer 4: The mountains acted as barriers to travelers and traders and offered protection.

Map of Medieval Europe ASIA Thames Da an gl En North Sea d nu Atlantic Ocean be HRE Se ine France Papal States Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Byzantine Empire

QUESTION 5: Each of these areas had a different leader. Why do you think Europe had no single government during the Middle Ages? Answer 5: After the fall of the Roman Empire, there was no centralized government. So, people set up kingdoms to protect themselves from invaders and to maintain order.

Map of Medieval Europe ASIA Thames Da an gl En North Sea d nu be London. Hamburg HRE Se i e n Paris Atlantic Ocean France Papal Rome States Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Constantinople Byzantine Empire

QUESTION 6: What is common about the locations of all these cities? How might that have affected life in medieval Europe? Answer 6: These cities are all located next to bodies of water, which allowed travelers and traders to reach them easily.

People lived in small communities and maintained order through unwritten rules and traditions Decline in size and power of governments Educated middle class almost disappeared during Middle Ages Most schools ceased to exist Eventually few people could read or write Europeans mostly forgot about great achievements of ancient Greeks and Romans Trade decreased and many cities disappeared Most people moved to country and became farmers

Video: The Middle Ages in 3 ½ Minutes

REMEMBER TO FOCUS ON THE EQ’S!

Charlemagne built European empire greater than any known since ancient Rome Under his leadership Christianity grew stronger across Europe Spread Christianity through conquests, encouraging and sometimes forcing his subjects to become Christians

Grandsons fought for control of kingdom Divided empire into 3 parts in 843 by treaty Split caused kingdom to grow weak and disorder spread across Europe became place of constant conflict and warfare This unstable and violent period led to creation of feudalism

Q 3:

Emerged as way for kings/nobles to protect land from invaders Land is the MOST valuable thing in existence during the Middle Ages (not money like today) Lords = powerful landowning Nobles who gave pieces of their land (called fiefs) to lesser nobles known as Vassals In return for granting a Vassal land, the vassal owed allegiance and military service to the Lord Vassals also known as knights

Main part of Noble’s land was called a manor Center of manor was house where lord and family lived (often a castle) Surrounding manor house was Lords estate, including farmland Peasants called serfs lived and worked on manor as servants, farmers, and in specialized skills areas (wood workers, black smiths, etc)

Mill Pond

Mill Pond

Mill Pond

Mill Pond Mill & Bakehouse

Mill Pond Mill & Bakehouse Manor House

Mill Pond Mill & Bakehouse Manor House Bar n

Mill Pond Manor House Mill & Bakehouse Barn Serf Huts Forge

Mill Pond Manor House Mill & Bakehouse Barn Serf Huts Forge Orchard

Mill Pond Manor House Mill & Bakehouse Barn Serf Huts Forge Orchard Vineyar

Mill Pond Manor House Mill & Bakehouse Barn Serf Huts Forg e Orchard Lord’s Fields Vineyar

Mill Pond Manor House Mill & Bakehouse Barn Serf Huts Forge Orchard Lord’s Fields Vineyar Serfs’ Fields

Mill Pond Manor House Mill & Bakehouse Church Barn Serf Huts Forge Orchard Vineyar Lord’s Fields Church’s Serfs’ Fields

Video: Focus on Feudalism 3 mins

Feudalism is where lords gave vassals land (fiefs) in exchange for protection. It was a political and military arrangement. Manorialism is where lords gave land to serfs in exchange for food and shelter, which contributed to the manor. It was an economic & social arrangement.

Farming was the economic basis of the manor system Farming produced enough food to make manors selfsufficient Europe’s geography provided plentiful natural resources allowing manors to be self-supporting and few people ever left the property

Lords: Manage and defend his land it’s people Made laws for his manor estate to follow Acted as judges in manor courts Some held posts in the kings govt In times of war helped supply well-trained fighting force (Knights) Ladies: Could have all the same responsibilities as men if they owned land Raised the children Overseeing the house-hold(s) -(some holding hundreds of people) Fine embroidery and sewing

Diagram of Feudal & Manorial System The system is based on Cooperation & Mutual Obligation Feudalism Manorialis Feudal/Manorial System = m= Relationships Political & Economic Military & Social Fief & Peasants System Kin System Loyalty & Military Aid Protection Homage & Military Service Farm the Land, Pay Rent & Taxes g Nobles/ Lords (Vassals ) Knights (Vassals) Serfs / Peasants Protection, Food, Shelter, Equipment Protection, Shelter, Food

Click here for a 7. 5 Minute Podcast on Manorialism

Knights lived by code of behavior called chivalry Expected to be: loyal to their church and lord Just and fair Protect the helpless Perform acts of gallantry (paying respect toward women) Show courtesy and kindness toward women

Around 1000 town life began to return to Europe Due to number of Lords becoming increasingly powerful – bringing peace and stability to numerous regions As a result people felt safer and merchants, builders, and trades-people settled down in one area forming towns

Video: CCWH: The Dark Ages (12 mins)

Answer the EQ’s with DETAIL by writing a 6 -9 sentence summary! Remember to PROVE your answer using detailed facts and educated opinions! The EQ’s were: 1. What is feudalism and why did it spread across Europe? 1. What is the manor system and why did it develop?