The Middle Ages 10 2 Feudalism Manorialism Feudalism

The Middle Ages 10. 2 Feudalism & Manorialism

Feudalism • Political system—developed in the absence of a strong central government • Violent time—kings and nobles needed help to fight off invaders • Fief (Land = Power) • Primogeniture – The Heir and the Spare

Feudal nations included lands that had belonged to Charlemagne…

Manorialism • Economic System— included a large estate that included the manor house, pastures, fields, and a village • Self-sufficient & Separation • serfs

Chivalry • A code of conduct for knights – Brave, fight fare, loyal, keep work, gallantry to foes, courteous to women

10. 3 The Church

Secular Clergy (Lived among the people) • Popes had supremacy in: – Roman Catholic Church – Territories in central Italy—Papal States • Church became involved in feudal system – The Church owned land leaders had power as lords – Positions could be bought by local lords and were tied to a feudal contract – Bishops and Abbots were usually “ 2 nd Sons” and had no interest in church affairs (simony p. 239)

Investiture Controversy • Pope Gregory VII – Convinced he was chosen by God to reform they church • Lay investiture— – (a lay man) a secular king/lord officially granting spiritual authority (usually to a bishop) – Pope Gregory declared only the Church could appoint clergy and he could remove any leaders who refused to comply • Henry IV (Holy Roman Empire—Germany) – w/o this power he felt he could not maintain his power in the face of the German nobles

Increase in Church Power • Concordat of Worms (p. 324) – Controversy was settled with a new Pope & a new King! (it took THAT long to reconcile) – Emperor grants only lands and secular powers to church officials – Church officials would elect bishops and grant spiritual authority • Pope Innocent III – Believed the Pope was the supreme judge of European affairs – Interdict (p. 238)—used the practice to control European rulers (esp. last rights)

Regular Clergy (Lived away from the people—according to strict laws) • The High Middle Ages also saw an increase in those joining the order: – Cistercians – Nuns – Franciscans—missionaries – Dominicans—against heresy • Inquisition – Religious court whose job was to find & try heretics • Punish confessed heretics, tortured to confession, handed to state for execution if no confession