Feudalism and Manorialism The social political and economic
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Feudalism and Manorialism The social, political, and economic systems of the middle ages.
Life after Rome…in the West after 456 Decentralized – 100’s of little kingdoms Very localized – gov’t & economy Lots of competition & warfare Few Cities Blending of Roman & “barbarian” cultures
Attempts at unification of Europe… Charlemagne Frankish king who ruled large empire Encouraged art, culture, & education Rescued Pope (got his support) & spread Christianity
Why important if short lived? Established role of Pope & Church with rulers Legitimacy if Pope approved Symbiotic empowers Church too Usually tax exempt • Spread Christianity Revived culture, trade, learning, etc
The Middle Ages or Medieval Period ( 500 CE -1500 CE. ) Barbarian Invasions cause the Fall of the Western Roman Empire Rise of New Kingdoms/ States that are not united (Charlema gne’s empire was shortlived) New Kingdoms are unable to protect themselve s from Barbarian Invasions, causing a need for localized Protection The Rise of Feudalism in Europe
Vikings, Muslims and Magyars Invasion Map
Feudalism A political and social system of the middle ages based upon relationships of mutual obligations. It was a system of extreme political decentralization where public power was held and exercised in private hands. This system was derived as a result of no strong central government. (There were still kings they were just weak!)
Feudalism & Manorialism Feudal system provided order and stability. System of hierarchical relationships Manorial system provided for an economy based on agriculture & self-sufficiency on the manor
Feudalism Continued… This system was based upon the exchange of land for protection. A grant of land was called a fief. The individual who granted the land is known as a lord and the individual who receives the land is known as a vassal.
Feudalism Continued… Describes the personal bonds among the elite society Refers to a patron/client relationship between two freemen Vassal- a person who put himself under the protection of a lord in exchange foe military aid Lord and vassal both came from the upper classes of society The vassal had to come to the aid of the lord and the lord owed the same to the vassal Fief- the land that is given to the vassal from the lord A vassal could receive fiefs from different lords but could only have one liege
Commendation Ceremony began with the act of homage (agreement to provide military service in return for land) This officially entered the two parties in a feudal relationship. This was followed by an oath of fidelity.
The Feudal Pyramid
The Feudal System Military Service & Labor & Loyalty Ki ng Lords Lesser Lords (Vassals) Land Knights & Protection Peasants (Serfs)
Feudalism Military & Political system based on exchange of land or labor for protection Formal, legal relationship
Feudalism continued Kings were lords Upper nobility and clergy could be lords and vassals Lesser nobility (knights) were vassals
Peasants Need protection Provided by landlords In exchange for labor Serfs peasants bound to land Not slave b/c cannot be bought & sold
Knights Heavily armed professional soldiers Born nobility, Years of training Page Squire Knight Code of Chivalry behavior toward others Courageous, fight fairly Loyal & honest Treat women & those weaker w/ respect & honor
Lords Vassals lesser lords who owe fealty/loyalty to a high lord Fief the lord’s land Manor part of fief where peasants lived & worked, & big house All local authority military & judicial Marriage as alliance arranged
Kings Lord over lots of other lords More & more land consolidated & centralized Powerful nobles
The Lord’s Control Serfs and their children could not leave the manor without the lord’s permission The Lord ran a manorial court which could levy fines The lord charged serfs to use his mill or winepress The lord provided the local police and court system Men had to work at least 3 days a week on the lord’s land had to provide special services at certain times of the year Peasant paid rent in money and goods Peasants had to give mandatory gifts at holidays If a man chose to marry off his daughter he paid the lord If a serf moved from the manor he paid a yearly fine until
Housing and Food Lived in villages surrounded by fields Peasants built stone houses and extended families lived together Where stone was scarce, they built A-frame houses with woven branches and clay They slept on a straw pallet and usually displayed a crucifix in the room They ate mostly grain with the addition of eggs, cheese, beans, oats, peas, and a bit of meat (mutton) They drank either beer or wine depending on
Feudalism continued The reason Feudalism worked is because everyone benefited from this system Fiefs were typically broken up into large farming estates known as manors Typically a knight was the lord of the individual manor
Feudal Justice Trial by Battle duel Compurgation oath taking (think witnesses swearing in) Trial by Ordeal survive an ordeal…innocent Carry hot iron, immersion in water, wounds healing
Manorialism While Feudalism provided a political and social system, Manorialism was the economic system of this time. Economic System- the means of producing, distributing, and consuming goods Manorialism—economic agricultural system by which the lord of the manor relied upon the labor of peasants who worked his estate or fief.
Manorialism Economic system based on selfsufficiency of the manor, everything needed provided locally
Manorialism Continued Manorialism got its name from the manor or large farming estates that fiefs were broken into. There was little to no trade during this time because it was unsafe to leave one’s manor. As a result people became self-sufficient.
Manorialism continued Everything that was needed was produced on one’s manor. Food, clothing, and shelter were all produced on the manner. The land on the manor was shared by a lord and several peasant families.
Manorialism continued The lord kept 1/3 of the land for himself which was known as his domain. The peasants/serfs farmed the remaining 2/3 of the land. In return for being allowed to work the land the peasants gave the lord some of their crops, farmed his land, and also paid taxes.
Manorialism Medieval Europe had a mix of agricultural methods Some areas were farmed by free peasants who owned land mixed cultivation with fishing or herding Most of the grain came from large manors with serfs who were unfree peasants that worked the land The manor was a community of peasants organized under the authority of a lord Was a unit of economic, judicial, and social organization Characteristic of southeast England, northern
Drawing of a Manor
The Composition of a Manors were comprised of a manor house (where the lord lived), cultivated lands, woodlands (to hunt), pastures (for cattle), fields, a village, a church, a priests house, a mill (used to grind grains into flower, and an oven. Ideally were located along stream or river to provide power for the mill.
Medieval Manor
Manorialism Continued They used an early form of crop rotation on manors. The manor was divided into 3 fields. Only 2 were planted at a time and the third lay fallow to regain its fertiltiy.
3 Fields system: Crop rotation
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