ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PAT 3533 SEM II 2017

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PAT 353/3 SEM II, 2017 -2018 Dr. S. RAGUNATHAN. (AMPRIM, MIMM, MESM) Dip. (Public Health), B. Tech (Env), MSc. (Env. Eng), ph. D(Polymer Recycling) School of Environmental Engineering UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PERLIS Free Powerpoint Templates Page 1

NATIONAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT • Aims at continued economic, social, and cultural progress of Malaysia & enhancement of the quality of life of its people, through environmentally sound and sustainable development. • This policy statement sets out the principles and strategies necessary to ensure that the environment remains productive both ecologically and economically. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 2

NATIONAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT cont… • To achieve: i. A clean, safe, healthy and productive environment for present and future generations. ii. Conservation of the country's unique and diverse cultural and natural heritage with effective participation by all sectors of society. iii. Lifestyles and patterns of consumption and production consistent with sustainable Free Powerpoint Templates development. Page 3

Principles of National Policy on the Environment 1. Stewardship of the Environment • Exercise respect and care for the environment in accordance with the highest moral and ethical standards. 2. Conservation of Nature's Vitality and Diversity • Conserve natural ecosystems to ensure integrity of biodiversity and life support systems. 3. Continuous Improvement in the Quality of the Environment • In the productivity and quality of the environment while pursuing economic growth and human development objectives. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 4

Principles of National Policy on the Environment …. cont 4. Sustainable use of Natural Resources • Manage natural resource utilisation to sustain the resource base and prevent degradation of the environment. 5. Integrated Decision-Making • Integrate environmental dimensions in the planning and implementation of the policies, objectives and mandates of all sectors to protect the environment. 6. Role of the Private Sector • Ensure the role of the private sector in environmental protection and management. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 5

Principles of National Policy on the Environment …. cont 7. Commitment and Accountability • Ensure the highest commitment to environmental protection and accountability by all decision-makers in the public and private sectors, resource users, non-governmental organisations, and the general public in formulating, planning and implementing their activities. 8. Active Participation in the Community of Nations • Participate actively and constructively as a responsible member of the world community, in regional and global efforts towards environmental conservation and enhancement. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 6

THE WAY FORWARD MALAYSIA'S GREEN STRATEGIES The NPE seeks: • to integrate environmental considerations into development activities & in all related decision-making processes, • to foster long-term economic growth and human development, • to protect and enhance the environment. • It complements and enhances the environmental dimension of other existing national policies, (i. e. in forestry and industry), • takes cognizance of international conventions on global concerns. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 7

Malaysia's Green Strategies will be directed towards the following key areas: • Education and Awareness; • Effective management of natural resources and the environment; • Integrated development planning and implementation; • Prevention and control of pollution and environmental degradation; • Strengthening administrative and institutional mechanisms; • Proactive approach to regional and global environmental issues; • Formulation and implementation of Action Plans; Free Powerpoint Templates Page 8

EIA IN MALAYSIA The DOE has prescribed 19 categories of activities that will subject to EIA: § Agriculture, airport, drainage and irrigation, land reclamation, fisheries, forestry, housing, industry, infrastructure, ports, mining, petroleum, power generation, quarries, railways, transportation, resort and recreational development, waste treatment and disposal and water supply. § Other activities in the list such as the golf course development, development on hilly land sensitive areas. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 9

Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activity) (EIA) Order 1987 – Appendix 2 • • • Agriculture Airport Drainage and irrigation Land reclamation Fisheries Forestry Housing Industry Infrastructure Ports • Mining • Petroleum • Power generation and transmission • Quarries • Railways • Transportation • Resort and recreational development • Waste treatment disposal • Water supply Free Powerpoint Templates Page 10

EIA CONTENT Typical EIA Component or TOR 1. Project proponent 2. List of consultants/Study team 3. Statement of need 4. Project description/concept 5. Project option 6. Description of existing environment 7. Baseline information of the existing location 8. Project location and existing landuse 9. Potential significant impacts 10. Mitigation and abatement measures 11. Residual impacts Environmental Free Powerpoint Templates Page 11

The EIA Procedure in Malaysia Ø Consist of 3 major steps: i) Preliminary assessment ii) Detailed assessment iii) Review of EIA reports Free Powerpoint Templates Page 12

EIA PROCESS i) Preliminary Assessment § § Initial assessment of the impacts Initiated at the pre-feasibility stage Project options are identified Any significant environmental impacts are made known Reviewed by technical committee in DOE Assistance may be sought from other government and non government agencies § § Free Powerpoint Templates Page 13

EIA PROCESS ii. Detailed Assessment § For projects with significant environmental impacts (based on preliminary assessment) § Detailed EIA report submitted to DG of Environmental Quality prior to approval by Federal/ State government § Based on specific TAR by ad hoc Review Panel, which also reviews the final report. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 14

EIA PROCESS iii) Review of EIA report § Internal DOE review for preliminary assessment § Ad hoc Review Panel for detailed assessment § Recommendations made to approving authority § DOE maintains experts panel for Review Panel Free Powerpoint Templates Page 15

EIA PROCESS Consideration of Alternatives Action design Determining whether an EIA is necessary (Screening) Deciding on the coverage of the EIA (screening) Preparation of the EIA report Consultation and participation Description of action and environment Mitigation Impact prediction Impact significance Reviewing the EIA report Decision making Monitoring action impacts Free Powerpoint Templates Figure 1: The Environmental impact assessment process Page 16

EIA PROCESS Free Powerpoint Templates Page 17

EIA PROCESS……. Terms Free Powerpoint Templates Page 18

EIA PROCESS……. Terms Free Powerpoint Templates Page 19

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EIA Guidelines Matrix's for Impact Assessment Project Phase Activity GROUNDWATER ATMOSPHERE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL Water table Flow regime Water quality Recharge Aquifer characteristics Existing use Preconstruction Construction Postconstruction Air quality Air flow Climatic changes Visibility NOISE Intensity Duration Frequency Free Powerpoint Templates Page 21

EIA Guidelines for Thermal Power Generation and Transmission Lines LAND SURFACE WATERS PHYSICOCHEMICAL Landforms Soil profile Soil composition Slope stability Subsidence and compaction Seismicity Flood plains/swamps Landuse Engineering and mineral resources Buffer zones Project Phase Preconstruction Construction Postconstruction Shore line Bottom interface Flow variation Water quality Drainage pattern Water balance Flooding Existing use Free Powerpoint Templates Page 22

EIA Guidelines for Matrixs SPECIES AND POPULATIONS HABITATS AND COMMUNITIES BIOLOGICAL Terrestrial vegetation Terrestrial wildlife Other terrestrial fauna Aquatic/marine flora Fish Other aquatic/marine fauna Project Phase Preconstruction Construction Postconstruction Terrestrial habitats Terrestrial communities Aquatic habitats Aquatic communities Estuaries habitats Estuaries Communities Marine habitats Marine communities Free Powerpoint Templates Page 23

EIA Guidelines Matrix's for Impact Assessment HEALTH SOCIAL AND HUMAN ECONOMIC SAFETY Physical safety Psychological well-being Parasitic disease Communicable disease Physiological disease Project Phase Preconstruction Construction Postconstruction Employment Housing Education Utilities Amenities Property and settlement AESTHETIC AND CULTURAL HUMAN Landforms Biota Wilderness Water quality Atmospheric quality Climate Sense of community Community structure Man-made objects Historic and religious places or structure Free Powerpoint Templates Landscape Page 24

EIA Process • Project screening narrows the application of EIA to those projects that may have significant environmental impact; partly determined by the EIA regulations operating in a country at the time of assessment. • Scoping to identify at an early stage, from all the alternatives that could be addressed, those that are the key, significant issues. • Consideration of alternatives - to ensure that the proponent has considered other feasible approaches, including alternative project locations, scales, processes, layouts, operating conditions, and the no action option. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 25

Continue… § Description of the project/development action - a clarification of the purpose and rationale of the project, & an understanding of its various characteristics (stages of development, location and processes). § Description of the environmental baseline - the establishment of both the present and future state of the environment, in the absence of the project, taking into account changes resulting from natural events and from other human activities. • Identification of key impacts brings together the previous steps with the aims of ensuring that all potentially significant environmental impacts (adverse and beneficial) are identified and taken into account in the process. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 26

Continue… § The prediction of impacts - to identify the magnitude & other dimensions of identified change in the environment with a project/ action, by comparison with the situation without that project/ action. § Evaluation and assessment of significance - to assess the relative significance of the predicted impacts to allow a focus on key adverse impacts. § Mitigation involves the introduction of measures to avoid, reduce, remedy or compensate for any significant adverse impacts. § Public consultation and participation aims to assure the quality, comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the EIA, as well as to ensure that the public’s views are adequately taken into consideration in the decision-making process. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 27

Continue… § EIS presentation is a vital step in the process. If done badly, much good work in the EIA may be negated/ cancelled. § Review involves a systematic appraisal of the quality of the EIS, as a contribution to the decision-making process. § Decision-making on the project involves a consideration to the EIS (including consultation responses) together with other material considerations. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 28

EIS • A detailed written statement which serves as an actionforcing device; • To ensure that the policies & goals defined in the NEPA are infused into the ongoing programs & actions of the federal govt. • Must provide full & fair discussion of significant environmental impacts • Must inform decision makers & the public of the reasonable alternatives which would avoid/ minimize adverse impacts or enhance the quality of the human environment. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 29

Continue… § Post-decision monitoring - involves recording of outcomes associated with development impacts, after a decision to proceed. It can contribute to effective project management. § Auditing follows from monitoring - can involve comparing actual outcomes with predicted outcomes & can be used to assess the quality of predictions and the effectiveness of mitigation. It provides a vital step in the EIA learning process. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 30

Preparing Environment Impact Assessment Ø An EIA report would encompass topics such as: - Description of the proposed project development - Description of the existing environment - Identification and assessment of the potential impacts - Recommendation of the mitigation measures - Identifying any residual impacts - Program for monitoring Free Powerpoint Templates Page 31

The Schematic Procedures in Preparing EIA PROPOSED PROJECT DEVELOPMENT EXISTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING Free Powerpoint Templates RESIDUAL IMPACTS Page 32

Proposed Project Development § Include relevant technical data and all environmental features essential to the project. § The major subjects that need to be described are concept of the project development: - the construction activities that will be carried out - the work schedule of the development of the project - the various project options that could be considered Free Powerpoint Templates Page 33

Existing Environment However, they can be generally categorized into the following components: § The physico-chemical component which includes topography, land use, soil, surface water, groundwater, atmosphere, climatology and noise. § The biological component which includes species, population, habitats and communities of fauna and flora. § The human component which includes health and safety, socioeconomics, facilities and services, and aesthetics and culture of the human community. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 34

Continue… § The factors that will be considered in performing an environmental impact analysis will include or take into account all these dimensions of the environment such as : – Pollution effects • Air quality, noise quality, solid waste and hazardous substances – Land use effects • Impact imposed on the recreation and aesthetic value and socioeconomic conditions – Vegetation and wildlife effects • Will be the study on the ecosystem Free Powerpoint Templates Page 35

Impacts on the Environment • The potential impacts (adverse and beneficial) the proposed project will impose on the environment during the various phases of the project development. • The assessment of the impacts already identified will be carried out in terms of the extent and how significant the impact has on the environment. • Setting the boundary of the assessment is an important step in EIA. • The elements of scoping would include: – The geographical boundary – Time horizon – priorities Free Powerpoint Templates Page 36

Continue… – Alternatives which all depend on the nature of the project development and site that would be developed. • Methods of assessment would include – The use of mathematical and physical models – Extrapolation – Interpolation and analogy – Comparing with the standards available – Knowledge of the environmental capacities and threshold – Knowledge on toxicity levels Free Powerpoint Templates Page 37

Mitigating Measures § The methods used in assessing the impacts could be used to propose/ recommend mitigation measures as well as environmental plans. § These measures would mainly be in the form of the structural measures involving engineering solutions. § Care must be taken in recommending the various alternatives, taking into account the probable extra cost that incurred; its practically the social-economic needs; aesthetic values etc. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 38

Residual Impacts and Monitoring § The DOE has separated EIA into a Preliminary Assessment and Detailed Assessment. § Residual impacts remain after mitigating measures have been adopted into the project plan. § Residual impacts are considered critical, then a detailed assessment of the specific element or area would be required which the Term of Reference (TOR) will be defined by DOE. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 39

Continue… § The impacts would also be spelled out due to the assessor not being able to make any prediction in the preliminary assessment because of lack of data and information. § The environmental monitoring and auditing could be carried out to check on these residual impacts. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 40

Proposed Project Management EXISTING ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DEVELOPMENT IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES PROJECT OPTION PROVIDE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN RESIDUAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING/AUDITING Free Powerpoint Templates REPORT Page 41

Task for next Lecture/Wishes Read about Mitigation Measures. (Thank You for being my excellent students) * Understanding is the key to knowledge and Free Powerpoint Templates wisdom. Page 42