Sustainable Engineering 1 1152020 Sustainable Engineering KTU Syllabus

` Sustainable Engineering 1 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Environmental management Systems • EMS is a tool that enables an organisation to control the impact of its activities, products & services on natural environment. • Originated as the result of social responsible behavior of companies. • Goals Improve control of environmental impact ( minimize ). • Suitably accommodate changing market needs. • Reduce the cost associated with environmental liabilities • Gain public & media support • Restrict & regulate over exploitation. • ISO 14000 Series is standard for structuring the EMS • • 2 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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• EMS Model: 4 steps( according to Deming’s cycle) • Built for continious improvement. Planning: Includes identification of environmental aspects & establishing goals. ( Plan) Implementing: Training, awareness, promotion , comminication operational controls. (Do). Checking: involves monitoring & corrective action, Of management program. ( Check). Reviewing: includes progress reviews & incorporate changes required. ( Act). • • 6 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Key elements of EM ( help from ISO on EMS) • Environmental policy: • published as a written statement expressing the commitment of senior management to improve environmental performance. • Environmental action plan: • describes the organisation takes over in coming years • • Environment related organisational structure: Establish authority, & assign responsobility for actions. • Integration of environmental concerns: • Protection of workers, purchasing, R&D, product development, marketing , finance etc. . . 7 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

ISO 14000 series • First published in september 1996 as ISO 14001 • Second edition Published in 2004. • Aim: • Prevention of environmental pollution • Follow environmental regulations & laws. • Continious improvement of the system. 8 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• ISO 14000 -14009: environmental management system • ISO 14010 - 14019: environmental auditing ISO 14020 -14029: environmental labelling • ISO 14030 -14039: environmental performance evalution • ISO 14040 -14049: Life Cycle Assesment. • ISO 14050 - 14059: Terms & defenitions • • 9 ISO 14060 : Environmental aspects in product standards. 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Key requirements under ISO • ISO ( International organisation for standardisation) 14001 is applicable for any organisation. ISO 14000 falls in Organisation Based & product based standards. • OB- provides guidelines for establishling& maintaining EMS. • • PB- guidence for finding the environmental impacts of products. • Customer Satisfaction. • 1. Environmental policy- Shows commitment of management in matters concerning environmental issues. • 2. Planning • environmental aspects legal & other requirements • objectives & targets. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL 11/5/2020 • 10 environmental management programmes. •

• 3. Implementation & operation • structure & responsibility training awareness & competence communication environmental management system documentation. document control operational control. emergency preparedness & response. checking & corrective action. • • 11 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• 4) Monitoring & measurement non conformance , corrective & preventive action. • records • environment management system audit. management review • 12 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Benefits of EMS • Improve environmental performance- energy, waste reduction , pollution prevention. • Enhance compliance. • Increase efficiency/reduce costs • increase employee training. • Competitive Advantage • large automobile companies have implemented EMS & suggesting suppliers to implement EMS. • 13 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Improved Image- • can improve business image & give credibility to environment programs. Reduce / mitigate risks • provides structured framework for risk reduction. • Pollution reduction & resource conservation • ISO 14001 EMS has positive & significant relationship with operation performance &business performance • 14 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Life Cycle Analysis Involves evaluating the environmental impacts with all stages of a product. Concept first emerged in 1960. • Life cycle analysis is the approach that covers the whole life cycle of a product. • Late 1989 standardised. (Materials involved in packaging containers- polythene, cardboard, aluminium etc) • • Life cycle covers from raw material extraction, manufacturing , packaging, distribution, use & end of life of prooduct. Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL 11/5/2020 • 15 The procedures of LCA are part of ISO 14000 EMS

Goal List of items in LCA grown quicklypaints, insulation materials, window frames, refrigerators • ISO Standards require the goal & scope of and LCA be clearly defined , consistant. • Includes technical details that guide the work. • By examining the product over its entire life cycle , proper decisions can be arrived to reduce environmental impact. • Achive efficient use of resources & energy. - thus reducing overall production costs & environmental impacts. • 16 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• • • 17 As a part of ISO 14000 series of standards ISO in 2000 has come with following standards. ISO 14040: Environmental management- LCA principles & framework. ISO 14041: Environmental management- LCA Inventory Analysis. ISO 14042: Environmental management-LCA Impact assesment. ISO 14043: Environmental Management- LCA interpretation 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Benefits of ISO 14000 series • • • 18 Increase the acceptance from financial institutions, bank, public, insurance. . etc Improved industry- government regulations Improves prouctivity of man & machine Meet customer environmental expectations & maintain good public relations. Improves health & safety of workers Improves morale of employees. Increase international trade & business. Cost reduction. Minimizes waste production. 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Biomimicking • New way of viewng things. • We can learn things from nature. But not based on what we can extract from nature. Nature runs on sunlight Nature uses only the energy it needs. Nature is fit Nature recycles everything. Nature rewards co-operation. Nature banks on diversity. Nature demands local expertise. Nature has no limits. • • • 19 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

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• George de Mestral • During a hunting vacation in Switzerland, de Mestral came home one evening and tried to remove the burrs stuck to his dog's fur 24 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Nature is the most sucessful engineer • Most brilliant engineer. Nature knows what works, • What is appropriate. • What lasts on earth. • Organisms in nature face the same challenges as humans. • But they meet sustainability. • There for please look at the nature as your mentor. • 25 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• • 26 Reserches made several new products by inspitation of nature. Birds Sharks. . . Solar cells by mimicking leaves. Japanese shinkasen bullet train- kingfisher bird’s beak ( faster speed, reduced power) Eastage complesx 324000 square feet – uses natural ventilation. Self cleaning paints- super hydro phobic surfaces. ( when liquid drop of leaves it rools down & clean containments 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Environment impact assessment • • • 27 Population explosion with rapid industrial growth are eating the resources at faster rate. Harmony between man & environment is the core of environment management. Tools for environment management. 1. Environment management systems. 2. Eco labelling. 3. Life cycle asessment. 4. Waste minimization programmes. 5. Environment Impact assessment. 6. Environment Risk analysis. 7. Environmental Auditing. 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• EIA- is the process of identification, evaluvation, mitigation of potential impact of proposed projects, plans & programmes prior to decision making. ( related to following) 1. physical / chemical components. • 2. biological components. • 3. cultural components. • 4. socio economic components. • • 28 ( “ systematic & well documented procedure to identify assess the direct & indirect effects of a development project on environment/social /cultural/economic factors. ) 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Objectives • Predict environmental impacts on projects. • Find means to reduce adverse impacts. • Refine & shape the proposed projects to suit the local environment. • Present the prediction & options before decision makers. 29 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Evolution Of EIA • Before 1994 developmental projects are assessed on • Technical feasibility ( project is feasible). • Cost of project. • So environmental impacts were expressed in monetory terms. • Environmental protection Act in 1986. • 1994 - EPA become mandatory for three schedules. 30 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Schedule 1: (List of projects requiring environmental clearance from central government. ) • Nuclear power related projects such as heavy water plants, nuclear fuel complex, rare earths. • • 31 River valley projects. ( hydel power, major irrigation) Ports, harbours, airports. Pertroleum refineries. Pesticides. Chemical fertilizers. Petrochemical complexes. Bulk drugs, pharmaceuticals. 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Synthetic rubber. • Asbestos. Primary metullurgical industries ( steel, aluminium). Thermal power plants. Pulp , paper Distelleries. Dyes, cement. Foundries. Electroplating. • • 32 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Schedule 2: ( Application form) • Industry/ proponent shall submit the duly filled application in prescribed format for environmental clearance along with necessary documents. • Schedule 3: ( composition of expert committee for giving environmental clearance) • Experts from various disciplines ( air pollution, risk analysis, social science, economics, water pollution, landuse etc. . ) constitute the committee. 33 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Schedule 4: ( procedure for public hearing) • Public be informed & consulted based on proposed development • Since 1997 schedule 4 is mandatory • Done by pollution control board/district collector • Public hearing panel consists of representatives from state pollution control board, state government, district collector, local bodies, three senior citizens from area. 34 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Sailant features of EIA 2006 List of developmental project & activities which require prior environmental clearance ( schedule 1) was expanded • A state level environmental impact assessment authority constituting of 3 members to be constituted by the government of india in consultation with government of state. • All environmental projects requiring prior environmental clearance were categorised under two heads. ( based on the extent of potential impact). • Expert committee as per 1994 EIA notification was redesigned as expert appraisal committee. • 35 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Procedures of EIA in India • Project decription. • Screening. Scoping & consideration of alternatives. • Baseline studies ( existing environmental status water, air) • 36 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Impact prediction Assessment, & mitigation measures. • Preparation of EIA report. • Public Hearing. • Review of EIA report & Decision Making. ( approval/ rejection) • Monitoring the clearance conditions. 37 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

EIA Steps Scoping- study covering important issues that should be raised by decision makers. • Collection of Baseline data- about physical, biological, socio economic conditions of existing environment & changes anticipated. ( Km range) • Assessment of environmental impact- identify & predicts • • Positive & negative impacts. Evaluation of Impact assessment- whether it is significant tothink about alternatives & or demanding mitigation • Analysis of alternatives-without project situation alternative in terms of site, technology, design , operation…. • Delineation of mitigation procedures-wide range of measures to prevent , reduce or to remedy( introducing pollution controlls, offering compensation). • Specification of Environmental monitoring Programme. - at institutional level. • Environmental management Plan- trade off between alternative measures are weighted & taken. • 38 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

• Documentation- deatiled draft scope, record of various consultations, baseline data, no of steps involved, results & discussions. • Review of report- to evaluvate efficiency & quality of EIA. • Decision. Making- decide futureprospects based on comments & recommendations 39 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL

Thank You ! 40 11/5/2020 Sustainable Engineering- KTU Syllabus- VARGHESE S CHOORALIL