English Civil War and Glorious Revolution 1603 1689

English Civil War and Glorious Revolution 1603 -1689

Foundations for Democratic Growth l Jury system-King Henry II (r. 1159 -1189) l l Magna Carta-King John (1215) l l l Expanded Great Council to include middle-class representatives (goal was to effectively levy taxes) English Common Law (end of 13 th C. ) l l l Limited royal power Set up Great Council (consisted of nobility and higher clergy) becomes Parliament Model Parliament-King Edward I(1295) l l Replaced feudal justice with royal courts, grand jury investigations, and some jury trials evolved into trial by jury Practice of basing decisions on previous cases Legal precedents became common law Parliamentary Lawmaking (14 th C. ) l Threatened to withhold tax laws, compelled English monarchs to accept legislation from here on all laws required approval of both houses of Parliament and Monarch

England Leading up to the Glorious Revolution l Tudors (1485 -1603; Henry VII, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I) Unchecked by Parliament: l l Intelligent & capable Beat Spain (English Navy: 1/ Spanish Armada: 0) l l Encouraged trade and expansion Appeared to consult Parliament, then did what they wanted

Unpopular Monarchs: Stuarts l James I and Charles I: Unpopular l l l l Claimed “divine right” Friendly to Catholic Spain Discriminated against Puritans (they believed that the Anglicans [Church of England] were too close to the Catholics) Taxed Middle class heavily Imprisoned without trial (violates Magna Carta) Raised $ without Parliament Thus angered Puritans, Middle Class, & Parliament

Parliament issues Petition of Right 1628 Protesting Charles I saying he: May not levy taxes without Parliament Imprison without charge and jury trial Quarter soldiers in private homes

Charles rules without Parliament 1629 -1640 l l l l Disregards Petition of Right 11 years did not convene Parliament Illegally raised money Imprisoned opponents Denied accused a jury and often tortured them to force “confession” Demanded Puritans conform to Anglicanism Married a Catholic Woman (sister of Louis XIII)

Bad Times for Charlie Charles needed money to suppress a Scottish revolt (they had invaded England) in 1640 l Calls Parliament into session l House of Commons run by Puritans, refused him money l Charles ends Parliament after 3 weeks: Short Parliament l

Long Parliament Desperate for money, Charles is forced to re-summon Parliament, they would meet for 20 years l Now Parliament had him under their control: l l l Abolished Charles’ special courts, required Parliament to be called every 3 years, ended illegal taxation Ireland, still Roman Catholic, rebelled in 1641 (mad because of English practice of taking Irish land giving it to English settlers) A Royalist faction (opposing the Puritans) rises in Parliament Puritans sent Charles “Nineteen Propositions” that would make Parliament the Supreme power in England l Charles refused to agree l Charles led troops into Parliament to arrest Puritan leaders (they hid and escaped) l Both sides readied for war l l

English Civil War 1642 -1645 Roundheads Middle Class, Puritans, and small landowners, Scots l Led by ardent Puritan Oliver Cromwell l These guys win, take Charles I prisoner l Cavaliers l Nobility, wealthy landowners, Catholics

Charles I is Beheaded

Oliver Cromwell rules England (1649 -1658) England declared a commonwealth (aka: republic) state ruled by elected representatives l Cromwell was Lord Protector l l l Still, Cromwell was not popular: l l l Suppressed Scottish and Irish rebellions, furthered economic prosperity, and was anti-Spanish Dictatorial government, heavy taxes Executed Charles I Intolerance of Anglicans (way more Anglicans than Puritans) Severe Puritan moral code: no dancing, drinking, sports, cursing, theatre, etc… very boring. Cromwell died in 1658, Puritan rule ended

Stuarts Rule Again 1660 -1688 Parliament asks Charles II (son of Charles I) to take throne (known as the Merry Monarch) l Pledged to follow Magna Carta, Petition of Right, & respect Parliament l 1679 Habeas Corpus Act (I have the body) l l l Must be told charges Released on bail with speedy trial US and UK still have this James II: brother of C II, Catholic l l Tried to dominate Parliament and reestablish “divine right” Birth of son aroused fears of permanent Catholic rule

Glorious Revolution 1688 -1689 Parliament secretly offers throne to William (protestant ruler of Holland) and Mary (protestant daughter of James II) l They arrive in England to take throne, James II flees l Parliament: l Ended “divine right” l Reaffirmed its supremacy over monarch l

English Bill of Rights (1689) l l l Monarch may not make laws, levy taxes, or maintain army without support of Parliament Monarch may not interfere with Parliamentary debates or elections Parliament must meet frequently Monarch must be Anglican People guaranteed basic civil liberties l (serves as a model for US Bill of Rights)

Further Democratic Gains Political Parties: Tories (conservative, supported royalty and wealthy) and Whigs (liberals, supported Parliament and middle class) l Cabinet (during reign of W&M), advisors to monarch chosen from majority party in Parliament l Headed by Prime Minister (gained total power during reign of George I, a German who spoke no English) l

Summary l No more “divine right” l Parliament supreme l Political parties l People guaranteed civil liberties

Are you a Roundhead or Cavalier? l Are your hats. . . a) Like your counterparts' in Germany: being tall, dark, steeple-brimmed? b) Dashing, low-crowned, floppy toppers trimmed with an overabundance of ostrich plumes and cocked at a jaunty angle? l Is your collar. . . a) Plain white and starched, drooping modestly over your chest? b) A wide, unstarched falling band with a deep edging of lace? l Under your doublet or coat, do you wear. . . a) A heavy leather vest, with hook-and-eye closures to protect expensive gold or silver buttons? b) A billowing shirt, of fine fabric, with massive lacy cuffs draped over your hands? l Are your breeches. . . a) Black and baggy, fitted about the knee, and fastened with simple buttons? b) Gaily-colored, decorated with braid, and cuffed at the knee, where they are trimmed with ribbons or lace? l Are your hose and boots. . . a) Made of rough wool and leather, respectively, in utilitarian designs? b) Made of fine silk or linen, worn with high-heeled bucket-top boots trimmed with lace or ruffled boot hose? l Do you accessorize with. . . a) A bible, dull orange sash, a staff and a turkey, or an apron, if you're female? b) A cane, or sword hung from a tasseled cord or fringed baldric belt, respectively, with a wide richly colored sash, and a single, pearl earring after your model, Charles I, removing it on the occasion of his beheading? l Is your hair. . . a) Short and uncurled if you're male, or if you're a woman, entirely concealed in a plain serviceable white cap? b) Long and worn in gleaming ringlets with a lovelock - an extra-long curl with a bow arranged cunningly at one side?

More Quiz l Are your favorite colors. . . a) Black, mauve, brown, and gray, edged by purest white? b) The flashier the better? l Is your cape. . . a) Scarlet or black, designed for warmth? b) A splash of color, worn over one shoulder for an air of drama and mystery? l Are your clothes trimmed with. . . a) Nothing - lace is a 'temptation of Satan'; at most you'll risk a little embroidery, but only of Biblical quotations? b) The sky's the limit? l Bonus Question: Is your worst fear. . . a) That someone will remark on your appearance? b) That no one will notice you? l Double Bonus Question: While in public do you appear. . . a) Stern-faced and scowling, much like you are constipated? b) Gay and free, answering everyone with "Yes Sweetheart. . . ", and easily being distracted by butterflies while giving drill commands thus leaving soldiers at 'Charge' posture for hours? l Triple Bonus Question: Whenever you can, especially at night, do you. . . a) Stay at home and say your appropriate prayers before turning in early for a fresh start of a new day, especially on Saturday evening so you can attend an early mass? b) Head to the nearest tavern, often after a large a overly filling meal where there was much wastage, grab a tankard of strong drink, and while losing yourself in exactly how many you put away (usually as long as there is money in your purse), dance a jig (and maybe even walk through a fire) and sing every song you know (twice) until the wee hours of the morning - then get up, purge, and be ready to do it all again?

Scoring If you chose 'a' in most cases, you are a Puritan, and as such you should be supporting the Parliamentarian cause. In addition, you will not have fun, but your mode of dress will be immortalized by the sculptor Gaudens, and in 350 years it will be ranked the forty-eighth most popular style of dress for Halloween by People magazine. If most of your answers were 'b', it means that because of Cromwell's final victory in 1653, it will make you an endangered species, which is until the Restoration, where the species flourished once again! In addition, for every 'b' you answered on the bonus questions, you are deserving of being an officer, with each 'b' chosen meaning that you are very qualified, and will probably earn an even higher rank than sergeant in the Royalist Army. Cavaliers All the Way!!!

Dailies: English Civil War 1. Monarch at start of English Civil War and what happened to him? 2. Who came to power after him? What was his nickname? 3. Why was the Glorious Revolution “glorious”? 4. Name of document that guarantees civil liberties. 5. Name of England’s governing body.