English Revolutions English Civil War and Glorious Revolution

English Revolutions English Civil War and Glorious Revolution

Monarchs vs. Parliament Many monarchs in Europe at this time believed that they ruled by divine right. n Their right came directly from God. n The first time this was seen in England was with James I. He and his successor, Charles I, believed that their power came from God, and therefore, it was absolute. No one could question them. n

Monarchs vs. Parliament had always exercised its rights to protect the English people and their rights. n The king and Parliament soon clashed. n

Monarchs vs. Parliament King James I lived a life of luxury. He needed more $$$ than the taxes provided in order to keep his fancy life. n Parliament refused to pass more taxes. n So, King James I called Parliament into session to ask for new and more taxes. n Parliament agreed under 1 condition: that he could not make ANY laws without the approval of Parliament. n

Monarchy vs. Parliament King James I dies, and his son, Charles I came into power. n In 1628, King Charles I was BROKE and needed money. He called Parliament into session. n Parliament said they would only agree to new taxes if the King agreed to the Petition of Rights (more rights for the English people). n

Monarchy vs. Parliament King Charles agrees. He gets the $$$ and dismisses Parliament. n Clearly, the English people and Parliament were NOT happy with the King. n

English Civil War King James I and Charles I didn’t just make people mad because of their economic policies. n The 2 kings also made enemies of the Puritans. n Puritans were a religious group who wanted to PURIFY (hence the name Puritan) the Church of England. n The kings supported the Church of England. n

English Civil War Puritans were in control of Parliament. n In 1640, King Charles I called Parliament into session. He needed money for war against Scotland. n Before they gave the $, Parliament passed a law that the king could NOT dismiss Parliament unless it agreed. n King Charles agreed. n

English Civil War Once King Charles got the money, he marched into Parliament with soldiers to arrest the Puritan leaders, but they escaped. n The fight between King Charles and the Puritans exploded into a civil war in 1642. n

English Civil War n The leader of the Puritans was Oliver Cromwell. n He pulled together an army of supporters known as Roundheads. n King Charles’ supporters were known as Cavaliers.

English Civil War In 1646, Cromwell’s forces defeated Charles’ Cavaliers. n Charles I surrendered and was tried, convicted and beheaded as a traitor in 1649. n

English Civil War Cromwell seized control of the government. n The House of Commons was allowed to remain (Parliament). n The House of Lords was abolished (destroyed). n The new Parliament ended the monarchy and declared England a republic, or Commonwealth. n

English Civil War The problem was that Cromwell could not control his new Parliament. n By 1653, he dismissed them and set up a military dictatorship. He ruled alone with support from the army. n

English Civil War Cromwell tried to turn England into a strict Puritan nation. n However, most of England were happy with the Church of England. n Most English people also did NOT want a republic. They wanted a constitutional monarchy (a king with limited power). n

Glorious Revolution The Commonwealth quickly fell apart after Cromwell died in 1658. n By 1660, Parliament asked Charles’ son to return as King Charles II. n The period between 1660 and 1688 is known as the Restoration because the monarchy was “restored” or brought back. n

Glorious Revolution n The Church of England was also restored as the nation’s official religion. At the same time, Parliament passed laws limiting the rights of Catholics and Puritans (opponents of the Church of England).

Glorious Revolution When Charles II died, his brother, James II became king. n He was Catholic. n In 1687, he granted freedom of religion to Catholics and Puritans. n Some people worried he would turn England back to Catholicism…so these wealthy (rich) nobles, landowners, and merchants plotted against him. n

Glorious Revolution James had to flee to France after soldiers invaded to get rid of him. n James’ daughter Mary, and her husband, William, became king and queen. n Before they were crowned, they had to sign the English Bill of Rights. n The king now ruled by the power of Parliament, not God. This event became known as the Glorious Revolution! n

Horrible Histories: n http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 Fy. Qn. E Dt 7 e. A&safe=active n