Measurement Topic 1 Learning Target 1 Essential Question

Measurement Topic 1 Learning Target #1 Essential Question: What are the main principles/ideas of the Magna Carta?

Warm Up~Feudal Times What are rights? n Do you have them? n How do you know? n Over 800 years ago , the world was very different than it is today. Unless you were born into the right families, life could be tough. Kings had all the power. Your life was in their hands. n

Background Information n After King Richard’s death, his younger brother John took the throne in 1199 A. D. John was an unpopular king Feudal Europe

King John n n King John angered his people by: n Raising taxes n Taking money for wars in France (which he ended up losing). n Arguing with the Pope and trying to take control over Church decisions As a result, a group of nobles began looking for a way to limit the kings’ powers and protect their own rights in return

Magna Carta n n In 1215, at the meadow of Runnymede, a group of nobles and lords forced King John to approve a document they had written: Magna Carta means “Great Charter” and it focused on the rights of the nobles

The Effects of the Magna Carta in 1215 1. No imprisonment without a trial by jury *habeas corpus-“you have the body”- meant that people could not be held in jail without a reason 2. 3. 4. 5. Must consult lords before raising taxes Must choose competent officials who understand obey the law themselves Could not interfere with or limit the freedom of the church Most importantly, the Magna Carta required that everyone- even the king- had to obey the law

Changes after Magna Carta n n After King John signed the charter, the conflicts continued until his death the following year The Magna Carta lived on inspiring the English to find more ways to limit the king’s power A council of nobles who advise the king was created, which eventually developed into Parliament, the lawmaking body that governs England today By the late Middle Ages, kings could do little without Parliaments support

Day 3 Independent Time n Turn to the Magna Carta Handout. Only section one will be done today. n On your own or with a partner(quietly)… • Number the paragraphs. • Highlight words you do not know the first time around. • Go back and reread for understanding. Highlight with a second color the important stuff (if it answers the Who, What, Where, Why, When, How, Why). • Each paragraph should have two-three sentences of summary/something you feel is important and you would like to remember.

Day Five Discussion n Divine Rights Discussion. (20 Min) n One member of your group will now be your king. He can make any law he wishes. Why? I picked him to be your king. • How do you feel about this? Do you think this is fair? Why or why not?

Measurement Topic 1 Learning Target #1 Essential Question #2: What are the main principles/ideas of the English Bill of Rights?

Divine Right of Kings "…the figure of God's majesty, His captain, steward, deputy-elect, Anointed, crowned, …" (Richard II, 4. 1) The theory of the Divine Right of Kings aimed at instilling obedience by explaining why all social ranks were religiously and morally obliged to obey their government. Monarchs ruled because they were chosen by God to do so and these kings were accountable to no person except God. They were considered to be divinely chosen.

Absolutism The theory that all power in a state rest in the hands of the King or Queen. n Divine Right: The idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarchy acted as God’s representative on earth. n

The Meaning of This? n To question the King, is to question God is infallible, so the King can never be wrong. n In certain lands the Kings were to uphold justice and fairness, however Kings often forgot about fairness.

n n James I – 1625) James I (rule 1603 Took over for Elizabeth I “Kings are justly called gods, for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth. ” Responsible for King James Version of the Bible

Charles I n n Took over for James in 1625 He needs money to fight wars, Parliament won’t give it to him. He dissolves it. 1628 - He really needs money. If he agrees to Parliament’ demands he would be admitting that the law is more powerful than him (GOD).

Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army Parliament forms a professional group of soldiers in February of 1645 n Very well disciplined n Promotions based on merit, not class n Most members had strong Puritan values n No drinking, cussing, women, gambling, etc. n Cavaliers eventually beaten by New Model Army n

The King is executed Parliament tries King Charles I for being a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy. ” n Was beheaded in January of 1649 n Sent shock waves throughout Europe n If a monarch in England can be killed, a monarch can be killed in any country. n

The Execution of Charles I Video

Cromwell comes to Power n n n Parliament abolishes the Monarchy England declared a Republic under the rule of Oliver Cromwell Became Lord Protector (read: DICTATOR) ~ Enforced Blue Laws restricting Christmas, dancing, gambling, (you get the picture…) Hated Catholics, sent them to barren land in West Ireland. Any Catholic who disobeyed was to be killed on sight

Power Corrupts: Lord Oliver Cromwell’s End n n Cromwell died in 1658 People are ready for a King again 1660 Parliament asks Charles II to come back and be king “Hey Charles. It’s Parliament. First of all, sorry we cut of your dad’s head. Our bad…. . But anyway, how are things? Good. Hey got a favor to ask of you. Do you want to be King? ”

Restoration of the Monarchy 1660 King Charles II

The Restoration & Charles II § § § Charles II was Charles I eldest son. Known as the “Merry Monarch” Why rule a country when you can party! Cancelled Blue Laws Supported Catholics and believed in Absolute Monarchy, but knew how to “play the game with parliament § Dug up Cromwell’s body & put it on display for revenge against father’s death

Charles II & Parliament § Charles II was now head of Church of England § He tried to protect Catholics (his brother James II was one) § Parliament reacted by passing Test Act banning Catholics from some choice political jobs § Charles dies in 1685…

James II: The “Bad” Brother Are you talkin’ to me? Hi, I’m James II your new king. I’m openly Catholic. England sure dislikes Catholics right now. I’ve given high offices to my Catholics friends. Oh, and Divine Right of Kings, that’s my motto! I hate compromise. I instituted a reign of terror, executing rebels who opposed me.

The Glorious (and bloodless) Revolution… § Parliament invites James II Protestant daughter, Mary and her husband William to rule England § But…they must obey parliament’s wishes § They accept. James II flees § Divine Right to Rule is DEAD! § Will & Mary sign Bill of Rights to signal their “okay”

We, William and Mary Of Orange Do hereby recognize Parliament as the Real power

English Bill of Rights (1689) § Ratified revolution of 1688 § Ensures that Parliament will now and forever be superior to the monarchy § King had to call parliament reguarly § Parliament controlled spending § King couldn’t interfere with Parliament or dissolve it § No Catholic could sit on the throne § Trial by Jury § No excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishment § Habeas corpus- couldn’t throw someone in jail without charging them with a specific crime

England is now a limited monarchy Absolute Monarch- monarch who has complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs n Constitutional/limited monarch- monarch whose power is limited by a constitution or legislative body n