English Revolutions English Civil War and Glorious Revolution

English Revolutions English Civil War and Glorious Revolution A story really about Monarchs vs. Parliament

The Monarchs • Monarchs in Europe at this time believed in divine right • Divine Right: monarch’s right to rule came directly from God • England’s first experience with this is James I in 1603 and the guy who followed him Charles I 1625 • Believed their power was ABSOLUTE cause from God • Absolute Power meant no one could question them • Thomas Hobbes was the philosopher dude who wrote about this

Parliament • Parliament made up of wealthy land owners, aristocracy, wealthy merchants • Originally created to advise king help raise money through taxes • Gains power over time and rights for English citizens • Parliament is mostly Protestant or Puritans • John Locke is the philosopher we think of cause he said “sovereignty lies with the people”

Monarchs vs. Parliament • King James I & King Charles I are father and son • Both liked life of luxury • Parliament agrees to raise taxes for James I because he agrees to make no laws without their approval • 1628 Charles I needs more money (for war) Parliament wants more rights • King agrees to Petition of Rights (more rights for English people) • King gets his money and then dismisses Parliament • Parliament and People NOT Happy Campers!

English Civil War • King James I & Charles I made people mad because of economic policies and other reasons • They made enemies of the Puritans • Puritans: religious group who wanted to ‘purify’ the Church of England • Puritans were from the Protestants • Kings supported Church of England (The Anglican Church) • Also his marrying a Roman Catholic French woman does not help OUCH! Church Scene (1: 23) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=fj. DAZREZ 6 SE&list=RD 02 v. WP bn. WMp. Mi. A

English Civil War • Remember Puritans control Parliament • 1640 K. Charles I needs money for war with Scotland • Parliament passes law that king cannot dismiss Parliament • King Charlie has to agree to get his $$$ for war • He Agrees • He gets his money then marches into Parliament with troops to arrest them but they escape • 1642 War between Puritans (Parliament) and King Charles I erupts

English Civil War • Oliver Cromwell – Leader of Puritans • Cromwell puts together an army that become known as Roundheads • King Charles’ supporters and army were known as Cavaliers Horrible Histories : Musical Cavaliers v Roundheads (2: 30) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=O 4 b 0 G_au. KCI&list=RD 02 v. WPbn. WMp. Mi. A

English Civil War • 1646 Cromwell’ s Roundheads defeat Charles’ Cavaliers • 1649 Charles I surrenders, he is tried, convicted and beheaded as a traitor Guess What? • Cromwell seizes control of the government • Parliament (House of Commons) he keeps • House of Lords he gets rid of – Kick's Out

English Civil War • Cromwell cannot control his new Parliament • 1653 Cromwell dismisses Parliament • He sets up a military dictatorship ruling alone with support from the army • He wants England to be a strict Puritan nation But… • Most English people happy with Church of England • People also do not want a republic • They want a Constitutional Monarchy (a king with limited power) Horrible Histories: (4: 08) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=v. WPbn. WMp. Mi. A

Glorious Revolution • 1658 Cromwell dies and The Commonwealth quickly falls apart • 1660 Parliament asks Charles’ son to come back and be king …. King Charles II • 1660 – 1668 known as the RESTORATION because the monarchy was “restored” or brought back • The Church of England also restored as nation’s official religion • Parliament passes laws limiting rights of Catholics and Puritans (opponents of Church of England)

Glorious Revolution • 1685 Charles II dies and his bros. , James II became king • King James II was a Catholic …. Uh Oh! • 1687 He grants freedom of religion to Catholics and Puritans … That’s a double UH OH! • Some are worried he will try to turn England back to Catholicism • Wealthy (rich) nobles, landowners, and merchants plot against him • 1688 Parliament asks William of Orange (Netherlands) and wife Mary (James II’s daughter) to oust him • William and his army march on London and James flees to France

Glorious Revolution • James’ daughter Mary and husband William become King and Queen • Before being crowned they have to agree to English Bill of Rights • The king now rules by the power of Parliament, not God. • This event is what is known as the Glorious Revolution! • No bloodshed Horrible Histories (3: 42) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 Fy. Qn. EDt 7 e. A