EKONOMI REKAYASA PERTEMUAN 1 PENDAHULUAN NPV Oleh Arwan

EKONOMI REKAYASA PERTEMUAN 1 PENDAHULUAN & NPV Oleh : Arwan Apriyono P. Setyo Nugroho PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL JURUSAN TEKNIK FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNIK UNSOED TAHUN 2011

Lay Out Presentasi 1. Pengertian ekonomi teknik 2. Formula/Rumus 3. Tingkat bunga 4. NPW

INTRODUCTION ?

INTRODUCTION ?

INTRODUCTION Menyewa/ Membeli?

INTRODUCTION Finansial Decision Making Infuence Factor -Inflasi & Deflasi -Pajak -Depreciation Metode Pengambilan Keputusan -NPV/NPW -ROR/IRR -B/C Pengetahuan Dasar -Nilai uang (PV, FV, AV) -Suku bunga (Rerata , Majemuk) -Cost and Benefit -Cast flow diagram

RENCANA KULIAH Materi : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Pendahuluan dan NPW Analisis investasi ROR/IRR Analisis investasi B/C Inflasi & Deflasi Pajak Depreciation/Penurunan nilai Replacement Analysis Referensi : 1. Donald G Newnan et al, 2004, Engineering Economic Analysis, Oxford University Press, Newyork 2. Abol Ardalan, 2000, Economic & Financial Anaysis for Engineering & Project Management, Technomic Publishing Company Book, Pennsylvania 3. Perry Beaumon, 2004, Financial Engineering Principle, Wiley, New Jersey 4. Chan S Park, Fundamental of Engineering Economics, Pearson Education Inc, New Jersey 5. Peter Cassimatis, 1992, Introduction to Engineering Economic, Taylor & Francir Routledge, London MESTI BANYAK EXERCISE.

MARR = Minimum Attractive Rate of Return

MANFAAT -----

EUAW : Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth

P/F : mencari nilai P dari nilai F; jadi nilai F sudah diketahui A/F : mencari nilai A dari nilai F; jadi nilai F sudah diketahui

Langkah perhitungan 1. Tuliskan yang diketahui 2. Gambarkan dalam bentuk diagram 3. Hitung yang ditanyakan

Latihan (15’) 1. Berapa uang harus diinvestasikan untuk mendapatkan 750. 000 selama waktu 3 tahun dengan bunga majemuk 10% per tahun ? 2. Berapa yang harus disimpan di bank untuk mendapatkan 15. 500. 000 selama 2 tahun pada bunga majemuk 1, 5 % per bulan ?

No. 1 F = 750. 00000 n = 3 tahun I = 10 % P = F(F/P, i, n) = 750. 000(F/P, 0. 1, 3) = 563. 486 No. 2 F = 15. 500. 000 n = 2 tahun = 24 bulan i = 1. 5 % P = F(F/P, i, n) = 15. 500. 000(F/P, 0. 015 , 24) = 10. 842. 930, 75

Contoh : Suatu lembaga pembiayaan dalam iklannya menyatakan bahwa bunga pinjaman bunga nominal 12% setahun (sebesar 1% sebulan, dihitung per bulan karena pembayaran biasanya tiap bulan) Berapa sebetulnya bunga efektif dalam setahun? I efektif = (1+0, 12/12)12 - 1 = Dalam perhitungan ekonomi teknik, jika tanpa penjelasan maka bunga yang dimaksud adalah bunga nominal, bukan bunga efektif. Jika dinyatakan bahwa bunga setahun 36%, maka 36% adalah bunga nominal dalam setahun, sehingga bunga dalam sebulan adalah 3% Bunga efektif selalu lebih besar daripada bunga nominal

INTRODUCTION Prinsip dasar Metode Pengambilan Keputusan Menghitung total biaya dan manfaat yang dihasilkan dari suatu kasus/proyek.

NPV/NPW NET PRESENT VALUE / NET PRESENT WORTH Ø The net difference of the present benefits and costs Ø NPV = PV of Benefit – PV of cost Ø Alternatif yang paling baik adalah yang memiliki NPV terbesar

NPV/NPW Example A car leasing company buys a car from a wholesaler for $24, 000 and leases it to a customer four years at $5, 000 per year. Since the maintenance is not included in the lease, the leasing company has to spend $400 per year in servicing the car. At the end of the four years, the leasing company takes back the car and sells it to a secondhand car dealer for $15, 000. Calculate the NPV for the case if we will not consider tax, inflation, and depreciation (interest of rate 10%)?

NPV/NPW ANALYSIS Step 1 : Making cost flow diagram

NPV/NPW ANALYSIS Step 2 : Calculate PV of Cost and Benefit PV of cost = $24000 PV of Benf = A(P/A, i, n) + F(P/F, i, n) = 4600 * ((1+0. 1)3 – 1)/(0. 1(1+0. 1)3) + 19600*(1+0. 1)-4 = 11439, 52 + 13387, 1 = $24826, 62

NPV/NPW ANALYSIS Step 3 : Calculate NPV Total Cost = 24, 000 Total Benefit = 11439. 52 + 13387. 1 = 24826. 62 Net Worth of the Project = 826. 62

NPV/NPW ANALYSIS Step 3 : Calculate NPV Total Cost = 24, 000 Total Benefit = 11439. 52 + 13387. 1 = 24826. 62 Net Worth of the Project = 826. 62

NPV/NPW CONTOH SOAL Suppose the leasing company of Example 2. 1 has to choose between the following two projects: 1. Lease the car exactly as the case in Example 2. 1 which had a net present worth of $826. 62 2. Buy a car at $40, 000, lease it for two years at $12, 000 per year with no maintenance cost, and sell it for $24, 000 at the end of two years.

NPV/NPW ANALYSIS Step 1 : Making cost flow diagram 36000 16000

NPV/NPW ANALYSIS = -40000 + 12000 (P/A, 10, 3) - 16000 (P/F, 10, 2) + 36000 (P/F, 10, 4) = -40000 + 12000 (2. 487) -16000 (0. 8264) + 36000 (0. 6830) = 1, 209. 6 Since project 2 has a higher NPW, it would be the project to choose NPW makin besar, makin baik untuk investasi.

Task 1. (due date 24 Oct 2011) diketik diprint pada kertas A 4, diberi cover tugas 1 ekonomi rekayasa 1 -In a housing project the following sequence of events occurs. At the start of the project (time zero), land is bought at $1, 000 Two months later, $100, 000 is paid to the architect for preparing the design In month 4, construction is started and the cost of construction (labor and material) is $ 150, 000 per month. Every month, one house is built (a total of 12 houses); the first one is ready for sale in month 6. During every month starting from month 8, one house is sold for a price of $ 250, 000 each. After all of the houses are built and before all are sold, the cost of maintaining the site is $10, 000 per month. Draw the cash flow diagram. 2 -Mr. Shop purchases a pizza shop for $120, 000. Its operation will result in a net income of $15, 000/Yr for the first year, increasing by $2, 000 each year after year 1. At the end of the fifth year, the shop is sold for $155, 000. Draw the cash flow diagram for this project. 3 -A credit card company announces that its interest rate is 1. 5% per month. What is the corresponding effective annual interest rate?