CONTENDING LOYALTIES Social 20 2 WHO IS TORN

  • Slides: 48
Download presentation
CONTENDING LOYALTIES Social 20 -2

CONTENDING LOYALTIES Social 20 -2

WHO IS TORN BETWEEN LOYALTIES TO HIS FRIENDS AND HIS SISTER VERSUS HIS LOYALTIES

WHO IS TORN BETWEEN LOYALTIES TO HIS FRIENDS AND HIS SISTER VERSUS HIS LOYALTIES TO HIS FATHER. THE FATHER IS FACING HIS OWN INNER STRUGGLE WHERE HE HAS TO DEAL WITH THE CONFLICTING LOYALTIES. HE MUST CHOOSE BETWEEN HIS LOYALTY TO HIS SON VERSUS HIS LOYALTY TO HIS EMPLOYER AND HIS OWN LIFE.

RECONCILING NATIONALISTIC LOYALTIES How do loyalties shape people’s choices? • One synonym for loyalty

RECONCILING NATIONALISTIC LOYALTIES How do loyalties shape people’s choices? • One synonym for loyalty is commitment – the act of staying true to an idea, a cause, a nation, a person, or even yourself.

 • Contending loyalties are loyalties that compete with one another and choosing between

• Contending loyalties are loyalties that compete with one another and choosing between them is sometimes difficult.

WHAT CHOICES HAVE PEOPLE MADE TO AFFIRM NATIONALIST LOYALTIES? • People often do visible

WHAT CHOICES HAVE PEOPLE MADE TO AFFIRM NATIONALIST LOYALTIES? • People often do visible things to show their loyalty. For example, you may wear Wildcat clothing to show school, or if you are a Calgary Flames fan, you may wear the Flames jersey. • People also wear the maple leaf on their backpacks or clothes when traveling to other parts of the world to display that they are Canadian.

EXAMPLE: INUIT • The Inuit of South Baffin Island started the South Baffin Place

EXAMPLE: INUIT • The Inuit of South Baffin Island started the South Baffin Place Names project to record traditional Inuktitut place names. • Europeans often ignored the traditional names and gave the same places European names. Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, was called Frobisher Bay by the Europeans.

 • Prior to the 1930 s, many Inuit used just one name to

• Prior to the 1930 s, many Inuit used just one name to identify themselves. Because the government found this to be too difficult to keep track of the people, they enforced a number system in order to keep track of the Inuit. For years, they were referred to as a number rather than a name. • In 1969, the number system was abolished. The government then enforced that the Inuit were required to have a last name as well as a first name. • One man fought this, and had his name permanently changed back to the one he

 • Cultural Pluralism is people from many nations living together in one country.

• Cultural Pluralism is people from many nations living together in one country. • This allows for respect of cultural differences; • Ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups live together in harmony. • Canada is a prime example of this. Many people immigrate to Canada because of our reputation of cultural pluralism. • Canada was the first country to adopt multiculturalism as an official government policy. It is called the Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988. • This allows for immigrants to keep their traditions, languages and religions when they move to Canada.

 • Canadians are divided on how much immigrants should try to fit into

• Canadians are divided on how much immigrants should try to fit into Canadian culture. • Reasonable accommodation is a legal and constitutional concept that requires Canadian public institutions to adapt to religious and cultural practices of minorities as long as they do not violate other rights and freedoms.

 • In 1988 for example, Beltej Singh Dhillon challenged RCMP traditions. • The

• In 1988 for example, Beltej Singh Dhillon challenged RCMP traditions. • The RCMP wanted him to cut his hair, shave his beard and wear a Stetson hat. • Dhillon argued that wearing a turban is a religious duty for Sikh men and that he was forced between serving his religion and serving his country. • In 1990, the country agreed that his request was reasonable and Dhillon became a RCMP officer.

 • In 2007, reasonable accommodation became an issue in Quebec. Some minority communities

• In 2007, reasonable accommodation became an issue in Quebec. Some minority communities were concerned about the lack of accommodation. • In 2007, Asmahan Mansour was not allowed to play in a soccer game because she was wearing a hijab. • The referee made the call deeming it unsafe. Premier Jean Charest agreed with this ruling. • Many people believed that this was an example of failing to accommodate to minority groups.

HOW CAN NATIONALIST LOYALTIES CREATE CONFLICT? • Sometimes, people can be loyal to more

HOW CAN NATIONALIST LOYALTIES CREATE CONFLICT? • Sometimes, people can be loyal to more than one nation and their nationalist loyalties can exist without conflict. • For example, a new Canadian citizen may feel strong loyalties to Canada, but also follow the news from their country of origin. • However, nationalistic loyalties are not always compatible. Their goals may conflict.

 • For example, a Québécois may have strong loyalties to Quebec and to

• For example, a Québécois may have strong loyalties to Quebec and to Canada. If they are questioned about Quebec sovereignty, they may have a difficult choice to make. To not separate or to separate? • In 1995, a referendum was held, asking the people of Quebec whether or not they wanted to separate from Canada. • 93. 5% of the population voted in the referendum. 50. 52 % voted no, that they did not want to separate. 49. 42% voted to separate. • In 2006, a poll of Québécois found that support for staying in Canada has risen. • Those who wanted to separate from Canada are called sovereignists. Those who wanted to stay with Canada are federalists.

ANOTHER EXAMPLE: QUEBEC CHARTER OF VALUES

ANOTHER EXAMPLE: QUEBEC CHARTER OF VALUES

 • Contending loyalties can also lead to conflict between peoples. • Conflict can

• Contending loyalties can also lead to conflict between peoples. • Conflict can arise when two peoples want to establish their nation in the same territory. • If they cannot resolve their conflicting loyalties, the result may be violence. • An example of two groups who cannot solve their conflicting loyalties are the Palestinians and the Israelis. Both want control over the same territory which has religious, historical, spiritual, cultural and geographic significance.

LITTLE ROCK NINE • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=x. ERXusi. Eszs

LITTLE ROCK NINE • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=x. ERXusi. Eszs

HOW HAVE PEOPLE RECONCILED CONTENDING NATIONALIST LOYALTIES? • Reconciliation is the coming to terms

HOW HAVE PEOPLE RECONCILED CONTENDING NATIONALIST LOYALTIES? • Reconciliation is the coming to terms with the past or mending a broken relationship. It can help resolve differences and bring people together once again. • If two contending nations cannot be reconciled, it can lead to political struggles and even to war. • What is an Canadian example of conflict between two contending nations? Warning Graphic Language

 • Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples: • Created in 1991 by Prime Minister

• Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples: • Created in 1991 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney after the Oka Crisis. • It was made up of 7 people. 4 Aboriginal and 3 non-Aboriginal. • The final report was published in 1996 and it’s main conclusion stated : “The main policy direction, pursued for more that 150 years, first by colonial then by Canadian governments, has been wrong. ” • The report also urged all Canadians to view First Nations, Metis, and Inuit as nations with a right to govern themselves in partnership with Canada.

NON- NATIONALISTIC LOYALTIES Everyone’s identity contains individual and collective loyalties. Some of your collective

NON- NATIONALISTIC LOYALTIES Everyone’s identity contains individual and collective loyalties. Some of your collective loyalties may be nationalist, and some may be non-nationalist. A non -nationalist loyalty does not involve nation. Loyalties to your family or to the belief that animals must be treated humanely are examples of nonnationalist loyalties.

LIKE ANY TYPE OF LOYALTY NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES CAN CHANGE. How does this picture make

LIKE ANY TYPE OF LOYALTY NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES CAN CHANGE. How does this picture make you feel?

 • If you knew that this was a sustainable hunt that provided a

• If you knew that this was a sustainable hunt that provided a livelihood to many people in Newfoundland Nunavut would you change your mind? • Would the fact that it is an important part of Inuit heritage?

 • The dividing line between nationalist and nonnationalist loyalties is not always clear.

• The dividing line between nationalist and nonnationalist loyalties is not always clear. Friends are an example of a non-nationalist loyalty, but if you choose your friends because they come from a specific country and share the same language and culture there is also a shared nationalist loyalty. • Religious, regional, cultural, ethnic, and class loyalties can all be non-nationalist. However, overtime these loyalties can develop into the kind of collective consciousness that becomes a nationalist loyalty.

HOW DO NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES CONTEND? Just as different nationalist loyalties can compete,

HOW DO NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES CONTEND? Just as different nationalist loyalties can compete, so can nationalist and nonnationalist loyalties. Conflict can occur whenever there are competing goals.

COMPETING REGIONAL AND NATIONAL LOYALTIES • Often expressed by actively promoting the interests of

COMPETING REGIONAL AND NATIONAL LOYALTIES • Often expressed by actively promoting the interests of a person’s region • What would be some interests that Alberta specifically would be wanting to promote?

OIL, GAS & REGIONAL LOYALTY • 1970’s - Canada and other countries experienced inflation

OIL, GAS & REGIONAL LOYALTY • 1970’s - Canada and other countries experienced inflation • Inflation is the rise in prices and drop in the purchasing power of money • 1973 – War between Israel & some oil-rich Arab countries • These oil-rich countries stopped selling oil to Western countries that supported Israel which caused a worldwide shortage of oil and increased oil and gas prices

OIL, GAS & REGIONAL LOYALTY • Prices of many other manufactured products also rose

OIL, GAS & REGIONAL LOYALTY • Prices of many other manufactured products also rose • Due to high energy bills, there were lost jobs in many provinces • Alberta – high oil prices brought profit for some companies, higher tax/revenues for provincial government and more jobs for Albertans

OIL, GAS & REGIONAL LOYALTY • 1973 – Trudeau froze Canada oil prices and

OIL, GAS & REGIONAL LOYALTY • 1973 – Trudeau froze Canada oil prices and started taxing oil from Western Canada • This would help Eastern provinces

A CLASH OF LOYALTIES • Belief that the government favored Central to Western Canada

A CLASH OF LOYALTIES • Belief that the government favored Central to Western Canada • Alberta produced 86% of Canada’s oil and fixed prices and added taxes meant less income • This relationship struggled from the 1970 to 1980 s (federal vs. provincial government)

THE NATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAM • 1980 – NEP was designed to protect Canada from

THE NATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAM • 1980 – NEP was designed to protect Canada from rising world oil prices and help to produce as much oil as Canadians needed and increase ownership • Created government owned Petro – Canada company • NEP hurt the economy, making many foreign countries pull out of Canada completely, causing many Albertans to lose their jobs

THE NATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAM • Sept. 1981 – Lougheed and Trudeau reached an agreement

THE NATIONAL ENERGY PROGRAM • Sept. 1981 – Lougheed and Trudeau reached an agreement that gave Alberta more control • Petro-Can sold to private shareholders • How do you think the NEP created contending loyalties in the hearts of Albertans? Of Canadians in other regions?

THE OIL SANDS & LOYALTIES • 1990 s – 2000 s Alberta was booming

THE OIL SANDS & LOYALTIES • 1990 s – 2000 s Alberta was booming and the price of oil was going up • Opened vast areas of province to oil development • People moving to province caused housing costs to rise and people had trouble finding living space

THE OIL SANDS & LOYALTIES • How would Alberta environmentalists feel about cutting down

THE OIL SANDS & LOYALTIES • How would Alberta environmentalists feel about cutting down forests and using water? • Would they have any contending loyalties?

THE OIL SANDS & IDEOLOGICAL LOYALTIES • Ideology – a set of beliefs, system

THE OIL SANDS & IDEOLOGICAL LOYALTIES • Ideology – a set of beliefs, system of ideas, way of thinking • Influenced by culture, language, heritage and values • EX: political and religious beliefs and value systems

THE OIL SANDS & IDEOLOGICAL LOYALTIES • People who support oil sands development may

THE OIL SANDS & IDEOLOGICAL LOYALTIES • People who support oil sands development may be inspired by regional and nationalist loyalties • May believe developing oil sands benefits both Alberta and Canada • May believe that price of developing oil sands is too high due to the damage it does to the environment, strip mining 3000 square kilometers of boreal forest

THE OIL SANDS & IDEOLOGICAL LOYALTIES • Imagine that as an Albertan, you join

THE OIL SANDS & IDEOLOGICAL LOYALTIES • Imagine that as an Albertan, you join Green Peace. • Do you have any contending loyalties? • Is there any way they can be reconciled? • If so, how?

THE OIL SANDS & CULTURAL LOYALTIES • Threatened traditional First Nations way of life

THE OIL SANDS & CULTURAL LOYALTIES • Threatened traditional First Nations way of life • Provides jobs, but takes away from traditions such as fishing, hunting and trapping • Pollution of water, loss of resources • We need to find sustainable solutions and safeguards

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Living With Contending Loyalties • Be undecided on

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Living With Contending Loyalties • Be undecided on how to respond • This way is easier than taking action • Person might think they can’t make a difference • May be occupied with other concerns

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Choosing One Over Another • If people are

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Choosing One Over Another • If people are forced to choose, they may feel alienation as if they are on the outside or being left out

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Including Both Non & Nationalist Loyalties • In

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Including Both Non & Nationalist Loyalties • In democratic countries, contending loyalties can often be reconciled and co-exist • Michaelle Jean (Canada’s former governer general) • Is both Francophone & Haitian, but gave up her French citizenship so no one would question her loyalty to Canada • How is her using both loyalties appropriate in 21 st century Canada?

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Bringing About Change in the Nation • Some

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Bringing About Change in the Nation • Some people try to change the nation to accommodate non-nationalist loyalties • Changes often achieved by promoting a cause within the context of a nation

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Fighting for a Sense of Belonging • Segregation

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Fighting for a Sense of Belonging • Segregation – forced separation of racial groups • In 1957, segregation was still common in the American south • Civil Rights Movement – 9 black teenagers where integrated into regular high school, to much protest by white citizens

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Fighting for a Sense of Belonging • Little

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Fighting for a Sense of Belonging • Little Rock 9 went to regular classes but were harassed • One of the LR 9 Brown Trickey was expelled for retaliating • Trickey went on to earn a BA and moved to Canada to help fight for aboriginal rights • What commonalities are there between the Little Rock 9 and Canada’s Aboriginal population?

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Fighting for Religious Freedom • Government actions can

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Fighting for Religious Freedom • Government actions can affect religious groups • Alberta 2003 – law passed requiring driver’s licenses to have pictures • Some members of Wilson Siding Colony believe the Bible prohibits willingly having picture taken • Challenged this in court and won

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Making Reconciliation Work • After Sept. 11/01, Canadian

RECONCILING NATIONALIST AND NONNATIONALIST LOYALTIES • Making Reconciliation Work • After Sept. 11/01, Canadian Maher Arar was detained when flying home from a holiday • Received false information from Canadian officials and he was accused of being a terrorist • Deported to Syria where he was jailed & tortured • His wife brought his case to the media and he was set free in 2003 • Targeted because of religion and ethnicity