Contending Loyalties Nationalist and NonNationalist SOC 20 Textbook

Contending Loyalties: Nationalist and Non-Nationalist SOC 20 Textbook: Chapter 5 Answer questions on the slides using the textbook

What pops into your head when you hear the word: Loyalty

Your Loyalties Jot down 10 of your loyalties (people, or things…).

Costs of Loyalties But there are often expectations of loyalties. What are the expectations for the loyalties shown here? Member of a Volleyball Team Member of a Church What happens when loyalties fight with each other?

Nationalism & Loyalty Nationalism requires that people feel a sense of loyalty, and commitment, to their nation (textbook g. 99) Contending loyalties break the commitment and weaken a sense of nationalism …BUT… How deep should our nationalism go?

Two Types of Contending Loyalties Nationalist & Nationalist Some people see themselves as belonging multiple “nations” Canada is called a Nation of Nations Could there be conflict? Nationalist & Non-Nationalist On the other hand, our national loyalties may conflict with our beliefs and other loyalties Example: Canada’s legalization of gay marriage and our Christian beliefs

Two Types of Contending Loyalties Thus people may find their loyalties in conflict for a variety of ways. List, and describe two ways in which your loyalties are in conflict.

Contending Nationalist Loyalties How are contending loyalties seen in Canada? Each Canadian needs to find something of value in Canada – something they are loyal to This varies from person to person For many Canadians, their individual loyalties are stronger than their loyalty to Canada. This creates conflict. Let’s see some examples of contending loyalties in Canada

French Canadian Loyalties Often see loyalties to their: Culture & Language Province Historic backgrounds For example, many French Canadians identify with the fleur-de-lis, as a connection to France Similarly, as we saw with the creation of Lower Canada, Francophones were given a homeland – foundation of Francophone nationalism

French Canadian Loyalties Language Loyalties What was Bill 101, and why was it implemented? Why is it so divisive? Sign: “In Quebec, French, and French only”

French Canadian Loyalties Quebec Sovereignty For some Quebecers, their Francophone loyalty is so strong that they wish to sever all ties with Canada Who are the ADQ? What are their goals? What ideas about reconciling Quebecois nationalist loyalties are proposed by the ADQ?

First Nations Loyalties Canada’s First Nations have deep loyalties to their own nation, which causes tension with their loyalties to Canada Case Study: The Meech Lake Accord In 1981, Prime Minister Trudeau was finalizing the patriation of Canada’s Constitution This would put the Constitution in Canada’s control, not Great Britain’s Quebecers opposed the move, but it was completed anyways in 1982

First Nations Loyalties Quebec did, however, have several demands, so a modification to Canada’s brand new Constitution was developed in 1987: The Meech Lake Accord Modifications: Recognition of Quebec as a ‘distinct society’ Constitutional veto for all provinces Increased provincial powers with respect to immigration Provincial ability to opt out of federal programs Provincial input into the appointment of Senators and Supreme Court judges

First Nations Loyalties The accord was set to be passed very quickly, but in Manitoba, many of the First Nations were displeased that their needs and desires were not consulted in the planning of the Meech Lake Accord An aboriginal member of Manitoba’s assembly raised his Eagle feather in opposition to the accord – this prevented it from passing A unanimous vote was needed The First Nations had expressed their insistence that their needs be met

First Nations Loyalties The death of the Meech Lake Accord is a landmark for both Quebecois and First Nations Nationalism “…English Canada must clearly understand that no matter what is said or done, Quebec is, today and forever, a distinct society, that is free and able to assume the control of its destiny and development. ” – Robert Bourassa

First Nations Loyalties Explain why the Inuit opposed Uranium Mining. How is this an example of contending loyalties for the Inuit?

First Nations Loyalties While many First Nations are loyal to Canada, others have been unable to reconcile their loyalties First nations seek to reconcile their loyalties by Government action Protests & Petitions Legal mediation

Has Canada earned the loyalty of Aboriginal people? First Nations Loyalties Answer the following questions. Be detailed. Can Aboriginal people feel a loyalty both to Canada and to their aboriginal nations? Include at least three distinct arguments / ideas for each

Nationalist and Non-Nationalist Loyalties

Nation & Religion Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms enables all Canadians to challenge laws if they believe their religious rights have been infringed upon. The Hutterites in Alberta did exactly that. Why did the Hutterites oppose having their picture taken? How did this cause tension with their loyalty to Canada? How was the issue resolved?

Nation & Religion Other religious groups have certain regulations that many Canadians would disagree with For example, all Sikhs are required to be armed at all times to protect themselves. When Sikhism began, their members were hunted

Nation & Geography Think about your ties to a region. What would you identify as your region, and how strongly are you and the people around you attached to it? Do your regional loyalties contend with other loyalties you have?

Nation & Global Many people feel a connection to the wider world beyond their nation This is called Internationalism Read about the four organizations below, and identify how they act globally Oxfam International Doctors Without Borders Greenpeace World Wildlife Fund

Nation & Beliefs Occasionally, our fundamental beliefs may conflict with the choices our nation makes. E. g. : Humanitarianism – the belief that all human beings deserve to be treated with respect and dignity How do people who believe in this principle react when their country enters a military conflict? Can they support it? How should they respond? How will they be treated by their neighbours, because of the beliefs they hold?

Connection to the Century th 20 We will discover that many of the major conflicts of the 20 th century are rooted in contending loyalties We will also discover that these conflicts are based on national interest – when nations look out for themselves