CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health

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CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

Employment Education £$¥ Technology Environment CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

Employment Education £$¥ Technology Environment CHRISTOPHER DYE Is wealth good for your health?

Revolutions in England since 1500: industrial, health, economic 25000 80 20000 70 60 15000

Revolutions in England since 1500: industrial, health, economic 25000 80 20000 70 60 15000 50 10000 40 5000 30 20 1500 0 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 GDP/capita (1990 I$) Life expectancy at birth (yr) 90

The Preston curve (1975) Samuel H Preston University of Pennsylvania

The Preston curve (1975) Samuel H Preston University of Pennsylvania

The Millennium Preston Curve Source: Deaton, 2006

The Millennium Preston Curve Source: Deaton, 2006

HANS ROSLING Karolinska Institut, Stockholm GAPMINDER FOUNDATION "Bring me my sword!"

HANS ROSLING Karolinska Institut, Stockholm GAPMINDER FOUNDATION "Bring me my sword!"

"The grievous truth is that… the bottom billion will not—and cannot—be freed from poverty

"The grievous truth is that… the bottom billion will not—and cannot—be freed from poverty in our lifetimes. "

Wealth is good for health?

Wealth is good for health?

"Wealthier is healthier" Pritchett & Summers 1993 58 countries with GDP/capita <$6000, 1960 -85

"Wealthier is healthier" Pritchett & Summers 1993 58 countries with GDP/capita <$6000, 1960 -85 5% increase in income 1% reduction in infant mortality Africa: +1. 5% growth in 1980 s saves 0. 5 m lives in 1990

Health is good for wealth?

Health is good for wealth?

WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health

WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health

REDUCES ABSENTEEISM BY ONE QUARTER IN KENYA

REDUCES ABSENTEEISM BY ONE QUARTER IN KENYA

"Demographic dividends" and "economic miracles" From health to wealth? Share population of working age

"Demographic dividends" and "economic miracles" From health to wealth? Share population of working age 0. 75 education economics governance public health family planning 0. 7 East Asia 0. 65 One third economic growth from "demographic gift" 0. 6 0. 55 0. 5 1950 Sub-Saharan Africa 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Ireland, the Celtic tiger Falling fertility. . . …growing workforce Working/non-working population Children/woman 4.

Ireland, the Celtic tiger Falling fertility. . . …growing workforce Working/non-working population Children/woman 4. 5 Ireland 3. 5 UK 2. 5 1960 1980 2000 Asia 2. 2 UK 1. 7 Ireland 1. 2 1950 2000 2050

Growth GDP/capita (%/yr) And the Irish get wealthier. . . 7 6 5 4

Growth GDP/capita (%/yr) And the Irish get wealthier. . . 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

HIV/AIDS cuts the productivity of tea pickers in Kenya

HIV/AIDS cuts the productivity of tea pickers in Kenya

"To your health" More than a toast to economists D Malakoff (Science 2000) Price

"To your health" More than a toast to economists D Malakoff (Science 2000) Price tag on productivity in USA, 1970 -90 A year of life gained for 35 -44 year-olds worth: Men $170, 000 Women $120, 000

Fiscal health: saving for retirement

Fiscal health: saving for retirement

Wealth is bad for health?

Wealth is bad for health?

USA: wealthier but not healthier GDP #7 Life expectancy #42 17 46 16 44

USA: wealthier but not healthier GDP #7 Life expectancy #42 17 46 16 44 15 42 40 14 38 13 36 12 34 11 32 30 1986 10 1991 1996 2001 2006 Percent uninsured Number uninsured (m) 48

Health in a sweeter world Kcal sugar/person/day 500 400 Health in a sweeter world

Health in a sweeter world Kcal sugar/person/day 500 400 Health in a sweeter world 1962 2000 300 200 100 0 poorest 1 2 3 4 GDP/person -- country groups richest 5

Falling wealth, failing health?

Falling wealth, failing health?

Cycles: virtuous vicious sickness health poverty wealth

Cycles: virtuous vicious sickness health poverty wealth

Infant mortality One million “excess” deaths in developing world since 1980 due to contractions

Infant mortality One million “excess” deaths in developing world since 1980 due to contractions in economies

One million “excess” deaths in developing world since 1980 due to contractions in economies

One million “excess” deaths in developing world since 1980 due to contractions in economies Children die when GDP falls Relative risks higher for vulnerable children born: To low-education mothers Young/old mothers In rural areas If boys +68% +23% +72% +11%

Wealth is mostly good for health, but… Microeconomics • Money buys health, and 1

Wealth is mostly good for health, but… Microeconomics • Money buys health, and 1 o health is cheap • Money buys health directly (medicines) and indirectly (education for prevention and cure) • Health underpins prosperity -- individual, family, business Macroeconomics • Health is linked to wealth across countries and generations… • The cause? Social? Cultural? Educational? Technological? All? A minimum set? Buying health • Microeconomic argument often enough?