China and the World Chapter 8 East Asian
![China and the World Chapter 8 – East Asian Connections, 600 – 1300 China and the World Chapter 8 – East Asian Connections, 600 – 1300](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-1.jpg)
![A Third Wave of Civilizations � 1. Early Civilizations – Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Nile A Third Wave of Civilizations � 1. Early Civilizations – Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Nile](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-2.jpg)
![China as a Major Player in the Third Wave Civilizations �China-centered “world order” encompassed China as a Major Player in the Third Wave Civilizations �China-centered “world order” encompassed](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-3.jpg)
![The Re-emergence of a Unified China �The Han dynasty collapsed in 220 C. E. The Re-emergence of a Unified China �The Han dynasty collapsed in 220 C. E.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-4.jpg)
![A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement �The Tang dynasty (618 -907) and Song dynasty A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement �The Tang dynasty (618 -907) and Song dynasty](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-5.jpg)
![A Cheat Sheet Used on Chinese Civil Service Exam A Cheat Sheet Used on Chinese Civil Service Exam](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-6.jpg)
![A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement (Cont’d) �Economic revolution under the Song dynasty. �Population A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement (Cont’d) �Economic revolution under the Song dynasty. �Population](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-7.jpg)
![Chinese “Junk Ship” and Columbus’ Ships in Comparison Chinese “Junk Ship” and Columbus’ Ships in Comparison](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-8.jpg)
![Chinese Inventions Chinese Inventions](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-9.jpg)
![A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement (Cont’d) �Cheap transportation allowed peasants to grow specialized A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement (Cont’d) �Cheap transportation allowed peasants to grow specialized](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-10.jpg)
![Women in the Song Dynasty �Not a very “golden” age for women. �More restrictions Women in the Song Dynasty �Not a very “golden” age for women. �More restrictions](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-11.jpg)
![Foot Binding Foot Binding](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-12.jpg)
![China and the Northern Nomads �Misconceptions: -China was “self contained. ” -China was “unchanging. China and the Northern Nomads �Misconceptions: -China was “self contained. ” -China was “unchanging.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-13.jpg)
![Map of China Map of China](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-14.jpg)
![The Tribute System in Theory �China’s “middle kingdom” – conceited superiority. �Chinese believed that The Tribute System in Theory �China’s “middle kingdom” – conceited superiority. �Chinese believed that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-15.jpg)
![The Tribute System in Practice �In reality, China was vulnerable to nomadic raids. At The Tribute System in Practice �In reality, China was vulnerable to nomadic raids. At](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-16.jpg)
![Image of Tribute Image of Tribute](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-17.jpg)
![Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier �While some aspects of Chinese culture made their Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier �While some aspects of Chinese culture made their](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-18.jpg)
![Korea and China �China had a tribute system established with Korea after a period Korea and China �China had a tribute system established with Korea after a period](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-19.jpg)
![Map of Korea Map of Korea](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-20.jpg)
![Vietnam and China �Parts of Vietnam were incorporated into China. �Serious effort to assimilate Vietnam and China �Parts of Vietnam were incorporated into China. �Serious effort to assimilate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-21.jpg)
![Map of Vietnam Map of Vietnam](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-22.jpg)
![Cockfighting Cockfighting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-23.jpg)
![Japan and China �Never invaded or conquered by China. �Voluntary borrowing of culture: -large Japan and China �Never invaded or conquered by China. �Voluntary borrowing of culture: -large](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-24.jpg)
![Japan and China (Cont’d) �Japan does not become centralized like China: -political power became Japan and China (Cont’d) �Japan does not become centralized like China: -political power became](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-25.jpg)
![Map of Japan Map of Japan](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-26.jpg)
![Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia �Chinese advances spread to Europe: -salt production through solar Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia �Chinese advances spread to Europe: -salt production through solar](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-27.jpg)
![On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary �Learned cotton and sugar cultivation and On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary �Learned cotton and sugar cultivation and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-28.jpg)
![Making Buddhism Chinese �Buddhism was India’s most important gift to China. �At first, Buddhism Making Buddhism Chinese �Buddhism was India’s most important gift to China. �At first, Buddhism](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-29.jpg)
![Making Buddhism Chinese (Cont’d) �Nomadic rulers in northern China favored Buddhism. �Monasteries provided an Making Buddhism Chinese (Cont’d) �Nomadic rulers in northern China favored Buddhism. �Monasteries provided an](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-30.jpg)
![Spread of Buddhism Spread of Buddhism](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-31.jpg)
![Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism �Lushan rebellion (755 -763) created xenophobia. Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism �Lushan rebellion (755 -763) created xenophobia.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-32.jpg)
- Slides: 32
![China and the World Chapter 8 East Asian Connections 600 1300 China and the World Chapter 8 – East Asian Connections, 600 – 1300](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-1.jpg)
China and the World Chapter 8 – East Asian Connections, 600 – 1300
![A Third Wave of Civilizations 1 Early Civilizations Mesopotamia Indus Valley Nile A Third Wave of Civilizations � 1. Early Civilizations – Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Nile](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-2.jpg)
A Third Wave of Civilizations � 1. Early Civilizations – Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Nile Valley; China along the Huang He: 3500 B. C. E. – 600 B. C. E. � 2. Classical Era – Greece, Rome, Persia, Maya: 600 B. C. E. – 600 C. E. � 3. Third Wave Civilizations: 600 – 1300.
![China as a Major Player in the Third Wave Civilizations Chinacentered world order encompassed China as a Major Player in the Third Wave Civilizations �China-centered “world order” encompassed](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-3.jpg)
China as a Major Player in the Third Wave Civilizations �China-centered “world order” encompassed most of eastern Asia. �China’s borders reached far into Central Asia. �It’s wealth and cosmopolitan culture attracted visitors from afar. �All of China’s neighbors felt its gravitational pull. �China’s booming economy and technological innovation had effects throughout Eurasia.
![The Reemergence of a Unified China The Han dynasty collapsed in 220 C E The Re-emergence of a Unified China �The Han dynasty collapsed in 220 C. E.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-4.jpg)
The Re-emergence of a Unified China �The Han dynasty collapsed in 220 C. E. �Political fragmentation for over 300 years. �Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties emerged from 589 -1279. �Sui Dynasty (589 -618) – reunified China: -extend canal system, large government projects. -ruthlessness and failure to conquer Korea discredited the dynasty and exhausted state resources.
![A Golden Age of Chinese Achievement The Tang dynasty 618 907 and Song dynasty A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement �The Tang dynasty (618 -907) and Song dynasty](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-5.jpg)
A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement �The Tang dynasty (618 -907) and Song dynasty (9601207) built on renewed unity. �The “Golden Age” of Chinese Arts and Literature: -poetry, landscape painting; ceramics of high order. �Birth of Neo-Confucianism (during Song dynasty): -revival of Confucian thinking with added insights of Buddhism and Daoism. �Politics: -civil service exams revived (printing press invented). -many more universities opened. -large landowners still powerful despite state efforts to re-distribute land.
![A Cheat Sheet Used on Chinese Civil Service Exam A Cheat Sheet Used on Chinese Civil Service Exam](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-6.jpg)
A Cheat Sheet Used on Chinese Civil Service Exam
![A Golden Age of Chinese Achievement Contd Economic revolution under the Song dynasty Population A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement (Cont’d) �Economic revolution under the Song dynasty. �Population](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-7.jpg)
A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement (Cont’d) �Economic revolution under the Song dynasty. �Population growth: 50 million – 120 million by 1200. -Capital city, Hangzhou, had over 1 million people. �Improvements in agricultural production, iron production, waterways, and factories. �Best shipbuilding in the world. � 3 famous inventions: -compass, gunpowder, and printing press.
![Chinese Junk Ship and Columbus Ships in Comparison Chinese “Junk Ship” and Columbus’ Ships in Comparison](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-8.jpg)
Chinese “Junk Ship” and Columbus’ Ships in Comparison
![Chinese Inventions Chinese Inventions](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-9.jpg)
Chinese Inventions
![A Golden Age of Chinese Achievement Contd Cheap transportation allowed peasants to grow specialized A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement (Cont’d) �Cheap transportation allowed peasants to grow specialized](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-10.jpg)
A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement (Cont’d) �Cheap transportation allowed peasants to grow specialized crops for commercial markets. �Government demanded payment of taxes in cash, not in goods. �Growing use of paper money and financial instruments – contributed to the commercialization of Chinese society.
![Women in the Song Dynasty Not a very golden age for women More restrictions Women in the Song Dynasty �Not a very “golden” age for women. �More restrictions](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-11.jpg)
Women in the Song Dynasty �Not a very “golden” age for women. �More restrictions on women with a Confucianist revival and economic growth (patriarchy). �Foot binding became popular in the 11 th century: -new images of beauty; women restricted to the house. �Wealthy elite class – concubines. �Changing job opportunities: with the commercialization of weaving, many were pushed out of the textile labor force. �Women became educated to better raise their sons, and their property rights expanded.
![Foot Binding Foot Binding](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-12.jpg)
Foot Binding
![China and the Northern Nomads Misconceptions China was self contained China was unchanging China and the Northern Nomads �Misconceptions: -China was “self contained. ” -China was “unchanging.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-13.jpg)
China and the Northern Nomads �Misconceptions: -China was “self contained. ” -China was “unchanging. ” �Nomads of the north: -nomads were in kinship groups. -occasional confederations or powerful states. -special pastoral societies needed grain from China. -leaders wanted luxury goods (silk) from China. -nomads threatened by Chinese attacks (Great Wall). -China needed nomads – horses; access to silk roads.
![Map of China Map of China](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-14.jpg)
Map of China
![The Tribute System in Theory Chinas middle kingdom conceited superiority Chinese believed that The Tribute System in Theory �China’s “middle kingdom” – conceited superiority. �Chinese believed that](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-15.jpg)
The Tribute System in Theory �China’s “middle kingdom” – conceited superiority. �Chinese believed that they could “civilize” the nomads. �Tribute system – extortion: -foreigners were expected to send tribute missions of ceremonial gifts to the capital and perform the kowtow to show their recognition of China’s superiority. -for China, this was a way to manage inferior barbarians on the periphery.
![The Tribute System in Practice In reality China was vulnerable to nomadic raids At The Tribute System in Practice �In reality, China was vulnerable to nomadic raids. At](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-16.jpg)
The Tribute System in Practice �In reality, China was vulnerable to nomadic raids. At times, they not only raided but also conquered parts of China. �“Gifts” to Xiongnu and Turkic nomads: the Chinese paid protection to these raiders with large gifts of wine, silk, and grain. This allowed the Chinese court to maintain the fiction of its invulnerability. �Nonetheless, in times of weakness, China remained vulnerable.
![Image of Tribute Image of Tribute](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-17.jpg)
Image of Tribute
![Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier While some aspects of Chinese culture made their Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier �While some aspects of Chinese culture made their](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-18.jpg)
Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier �While some aspects of Chinese culture made their way north, Chinese-style agriculture and material life was impossible in Central Asia. �In contrast, the indigenous people of southern China were almost completely absorbed into the great Chinese cultural world. �As both the Tang and Song dynasties had their origins in mixed Sino-Turkic families, there was a great influence in the court. �For some time in the Tang dynasty, there was a fad for things from the west such as: music, fashion, religion, and dancing. �The southern Chinese, who saw themselves as the heirs to the Han, were extremely critical of foreign fads.
![Korea and China China had a tribute system established with Korea after a period Korea and China �China had a tribute system established with Korea after a period](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-19.jpg)
Korea and China �China had a tribute system established with Korea after a period of colonization and invasions. -China provided legitimacy for Korean rulers. -Efforts to replicate Chinese court life and administration (Tang China). -Capital city Kumsong modeled on Chinese capital Chang’an. �Acceptance of Chinese culture: -Confucianism ended “equality” for women. -Korea maintained much of its culture.
![Map of Korea Map of Korea](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-20.jpg)
Map of Korea
![Vietnam and China Parts of Vietnam were incorporated into China Serious effort to assimilate Vietnam and China �Parts of Vietnam were incorporated into China. �Serious effort to assimilate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-21.jpg)
Vietnam and China �Parts of Vietnam were incorporated into China. �Serious effort to assimilate the Vietnamese: -provoked periodic rebellions. �Vietnamese rulers adopted the Chinese approach to government: -examination system helped undermine established aristocrats. -elite remained deeply committed to Chinese culture. -remained a tributary vassal state. �Much of distinctive Vietnamese culture remained in place: -language, cockfighting, and greater roles for women.
![Map of Vietnam Map of Vietnam](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-22.jpg)
Map of Vietnam
![Cockfighting Cockfighting](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-23.jpg)
Cockfighting
![Japan and China Never invaded or conquered by China Voluntary borrowing of culture large Japan and China �Never invaded or conquered by China. �Voluntary borrowing of culture: -large](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-24.jpg)
Japan and China �Never invaded or conquered by China. �Voluntary borrowing of culture: -large envoys sent to China. �Elements of Chinese culture took root in Japan -several schools of Chinese Buddhism. -art, architecture, education, medicine; religious views. -Chinese writing system. �Japanese borrowings were selective: -deliberate borrowings stopped after the tenth century.
![Japan and China Contd Japan does not become centralized like China political power became Japan and China (Cont’d) �Japan does not become centralized like China: -political power became](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-25.jpg)
Japan and China (Cont’d) �Japan does not become centralized like China: -political power became decentralized. -local authorities developed (samurais). �Japan kept its unique religious identity: -Buddhism never replaced Shintoism (spirit and ancestor worship). �Women escaped the oppressive elements of Chinese Confucian culture: -women wrote in the vernacular (everyday language).
![Map of Japan Map of Japan](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-26.jpg)
Map of Japan
![Spillovers Chinas Impact on Eurasia Chinese advances spread to Europe salt production through solar Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia �Chinese advances spread to Europe: -salt production through solar](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-27.jpg)
Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia �Chinese advances spread to Europe: -salt production through solar evaporation. -papermaking. -printing (though resisted by the Islamic world). -gunpowder invented, ca. 1000, but used differently after it reached Europe. -Chinese textile, metallurgical, and naval technologies. -stimulated imitation and innovation (magnetic compass).
![On the Receiving End China as Economic Beneficiary Learned cotton and sugar cultivation and On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary �Learned cotton and sugar cultivation and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-28.jpg)
On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary �Learned cotton and sugar cultivation and processing from India. �Writing was stimulated by Buddhism. �China in Indian Ocean Trade: -foreign merchant settlements in southern Chinese ports during the Tang dynasty. -occasional violence, for example, massacre of foreigners in Canton in the 870 s. -transformation of southern China to production for export instead of subsistence.
![Making Buddhism Chinese Buddhism was Indias most important gift to China At first Buddhism Making Buddhism Chinese �Buddhism was India’s most important gift to China. �At first, Buddhism](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-29.jpg)
Making Buddhism Chinese �Buddhism was India’s most important gift to China. �At first, Buddhism had little appeal in China: -Buddhist monasticism seemed to dishonor Chinese family values. -concern for individual salvation seemed selfish. �Collapse of the Han dynasty in 220 C. E. brought chaos and a discrediting of Confucianism, which paved the way for alternative understandings of the world.
![Making Buddhism Chinese Contd Nomadic rulers in northern China favored Buddhism Monasteries provided an Making Buddhism Chinese (Cont’d) �Nomadic rulers in northern China favored Buddhism. �Monasteries provided an](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-30.jpg)
Making Buddhism Chinese (Cont’d) �Nomadic rulers in northern China favored Buddhism. �Monasteries provided an increasing array of social services. �Buddhists appeared to have access to magical powers. �Serious effort to present Buddhism in a form accessible to the Chinese: -dharma was translated as dao. -“morality” was translated as filial submission. -it was the Mahayana form of Buddhism which became popular.
![Spread of Buddhism Spread of Buddhism](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-31.jpg)
Spread of Buddhism
![Losing State Support The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism Lushan rebellion 755 763 created xenophobia Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism �Lushan rebellion (755 -763) created xenophobia.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/011994cf647c366424d22a326ecc1c41/image-32.jpg)
Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism �Lushan rebellion (755 -763) created xenophobia. �Direct action against Buddhism in China: -Buddhism challenges Confucianism (celibacy of monks and Confucian-based family system). -thousands of monasteries, temples, and shrines were confiscated or destroyed. -Buddhists forbidden to use precious metals or gems for their images. �Buddhism did not vanish from China, it remained an important element of popular religion.
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