CHINA Sattlelite Image of China Modern China China

China vs U. S. Geography China United States Size 3. 7 million 3. 6

China’s Topography • Less than ¼ of the land is arable (able to be

China’s Agriculture i Pasture and Oasis at e h om t n na D

T’ian Ming • Leader must be virtuous and able, in order to receive the

Period of Warring States • 770 – 221 BC continuous period of warfare •

Confucianism Li --> propriety, societal rules, ritual (Binding force of an enduring stable society)

Taoism Wuwei --> let nature take its course and flow with it, not against

Three Kingdoms • 220 - 581 AD (after collapse of Han) • Shu, Wei,

Sui Dynasty • 581 – 618 AD • Grand Canal, 40 paces wide and

Sui Dynasty • Taxation of 1 month’s labor per year – Grand Canal •

Tang Dynasty • 618 - 907 AD • “Rule of Avoidance” to strengthen control

Tang Dynasty Advances • Poetry • Gunpowder • Porcelain • Mechanical Clocks • Silk

Song Dynasty • 960 - 1279 AD • Population doubles • Kai-feng largest city

Song Dynasty Advances • Printing press and movable type • Paper money • Gunpowder

Song Dynasty Advances • 125, 000 tons of iron produced in 1078 • Dragon

Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties • 1949 AD PRC reunites China

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CHINA

Sattlelite Image of China

Modern China

China vs U. S. Geography China United States Size 3. 7 million 3. 6 million square miles Main Physical Barrier Himalayas, Gobi and Taklamakan Main River Yangtze / Mississippi / East - West North – South Population Greatest East Coast Rockies, Pacific and Atlantic East Coast

China’s Topography • Less than ¼ of the land is arable (able to be farmed)

China’s Precipitation

China’s Agriculture i Pasture and Oasis at e h om t n na D W Rice t nan i m Do Double-crop rice

T’ian Ming • Leader must be virtuous and able, in order to receive the Mandate of Heaven • The Mandate of Heaven continues as long as each generation rules well • When the leader becomes wicked and incompetent the Mandate will be revoked

Period of Warring States • 770 – 221 BC continuous period of warfare • Confucius, Lao Tzu (Taoism), and Sun Tzu (Art of War) emerge from this period

Confucianism Li --> propriety, societal rules, ritual (Binding force of an enduring stable society) Ren --> humaneness, kindness, empathy Xiao --> filial piety (respect for elders, patriarchal society, and ancestor worship) “The superior man (junzi) blames himself; the inferior man blames others”

Taoism Wuwei --> let nature take its course and flow with it, not against it • Reject formal education • Discover nature and rhythm of the Universe • Detach from man-made societal concerns “Free from desire, you realize the mystery. Caught in desire, you can only see the manifestations [of that mystery]. ”

Three Kingdoms • 220 - 581 AD (after collapse of Han) • Shu, Wei, Wu Kingdoms battled but more stable than Warring States • The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Sui Dynasty • 581 – 618 AD • Grand Canal, 40 paces wide and 1200 miles long, built as a unification and economic project

Sui Dynasty • Taxation of 1 month’s labor per year – Grand Canal • Standardized coinage • Equal Field System (140 mou permanent) • Invaded Korea 3 times

Tang Dynasty • 618 - 907 AD • “Rule of Avoidance” to strengthen control of bureaucracy • Buddhism flourishes

Tang Dynasty Advances • Poetry • Gunpowder • Porcelain • Mechanical Clocks • Silk Road guarded again • Bureaucrat exams start again

Song Dynasty • 960 - 1279 AD • Population doubles • Kai-feng largest city in world – about 1 million • Specialization by region • Urbanization

Song Dynasty Advances • Printing press and movable type • Paper money • Gunpowder weapons • Magnetic compass

Song Dynasty Advances • 125, 000 tons of iron produced in 1078 • Dragon backbone pump • Agricultural reclamation and terracing

Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasties • 1949 AD PRC reunites China