Ch 20 PROTISTA The Kingdom Protista Defined more

Ch 20 -PROTISTA

The Kingdom Protista Defined more by differences than similarities Not actual plants , animals or fungi Many _____________- and all eukaryotes • So diverse that many biologists suggest they should be composed of several kingdoms • • UNICELLULAR

• Classification based on : • 1)________________heterotrophs, autotrophs, decomposers and parasites • 2)Some classified by how they move nutrition

protozoans II. Animallike protists: __________________ • 4 Phylla: distinquished by modes of movement • __________use whiplike flagella; many are aquatic; many absorb food through cell membranes; many reproduce asexually and some sexually by meiosis • Sarcodines use _________for movement and feeding: example-amoebas-move by extensions of psuedopods: have food vacuoles; ________secrete calcium carbonate shells Zooflagellates pseudopods Foraminiferans

cilia Paramecium • Ciliophora move by hairlike _________; best known are of genus ______-has micronucleus and macronucleus, gullet or oral groove, anal groove, contractile vacuole to balance water content, reproduce asexually and sexually by conjugation • _______do not move; many parasites, reproduce by ____ sporozoans spores

• Diseases from protists • ****-___________-caused by Plasmodium and Anopheles mosquito, many forms resistant to drugs malaria

***Other Protistan diseases_Trypanosoma Carried by ______fly tsetse

****Amebic dysentery

Giardia

NONPARASITIC__Trichonympha-mutualism Digests wood for termite!!!!

III. Plantlike Protists -Unicellular algae Contain chlorophyll and undergo photosynthesis ***___________plantlike, have 2 flagella and no cell wall Euglenophytes

• _________________-yellow-green algae and golden brown algae • ____________-thin , delicate CELL WALLS OF SLICA-GLASSLIKE • DINOFLAGELLATES-half are photosynthetic and half are heterotrophic, some luminescent diatoms Crysophyta

• PHYTOPLANKTON-near surface of ocean and food source • Algal blooms that are massive depletion of nutrients and many cells die-an indicator of pollution

IV. Plantlike protists-red, brown and green algae • Red algae-_________-uses chloroplyll a and accessory pigments and can live at great depths; most multicellular and play role in coral reef • Brown algae____________-have chlorophyll a and c and an accessory pigment: largest and most complex of algae-kelp can grow 60 m in length Phaeophyta Rhodophyta

• Green algae-____________-have chlorophyll a and b; unicellular, colonial, and multicellular Chlorophyta

HUMAN USES OF ALGAE • • -animal and human food source -used in medications -ice cream -used in making plastics, waxes, deodorants, paints, transitors , lubricants, agar, toothpaste

V. Funguslike protists • Have centrioles and LACK chitin cell walls of regular fungus kingdom • Heterotrophs as decomposers • SLIME MOLDS-on forest floor-spore forming • WATER MOLDS-hyphae and spores-connected to great “Potato Famine”

Slime molds

Water mold