Kingdom Protista Are in this kingdom if they

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Kingdom: Protista �Are in this kingdom if they cannot be classified as a plant,

Kingdom: Protista �Are in this kingdom if they cannot be classified as a plant, fungus or animal �Many different kinds �Unicellular multicellular diatoms kelp � described as plant-like: animal-like: fungus-like: Euglena Paramecium Slime mold

Reproduction �Asexual by binary fission (mitotic growth) this results in two identical cells �Fungus-like

Reproduction �Asexual by binary fission (mitotic growth) this results in two identical cells �Fungus-like can produce spores like molds �Sexual reproduction via conjugation

Growth and Development �Mitotic growth

Growth and Development �Mitotic growth

Regulation Chemotaxis: moves toward a food source Has specialized receptors to detect food chemicals

Regulation Chemotaxis: moves toward a food source Has specialized receptors to detect food chemicals Phototaxis: moves toward an area of light Has specialized receptors to detect light Euglena (plant-like) Chloroplasts Eyespot

Nutrition Animal-like: ex. Amoeba Endocytosis: (taking into cell) Phagotcytosis (eating) Pinocytosis (drinking) Plant-like: ex.

Nutrition Animal-like: ex. Amoeba Endocytosis: (taking into cell) Phagotcytosis (eating) Pinocytosis (drinking) Plant-like: ex. Euglena Photosynthesis: using sunlight to produce food (glucose)

Nutrition cont’d �Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs with cell walls. • Feed on dead or

Nutrition cont’d �Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs with cell walls. • Feed on dead or decaying materials

Excretion Exocytosis: (exiting the cell) Water balance Waste particles in Many protists live in

Excretion Exocytosis: (exiting the cell) Water balance Waste particles in Many protists live in vacuoles fuse w/ the cell water, and must regulate membrane and are how much is in or out of expelled from the cell. Contractile Vacuoles (act as pumps)

Transport �Substances move throughout cell by simple diffusion, and by the movement of food

Transport �Substances move throughout cell by simple diffusion, and by the movement of food vacuoles (phagocytosis), vesicles (pinocytosis) and contractile vacuoles (water pumps. )

Synthesis �Photosynthesis: uses sun to synthesize (“to make”) their own food (glucose). � 1

Synthesis �Photosynthesis: uses sun to synthesize (“to make”) their own food (glucose). � 1 st Food particles taken in by heterotrophs are broken down by digestive enzymes into smaller building blocks usually by hydrolysis reactions (breaking apart by H 2 O). �Carbohydrates glucose �Proteins amino acids �Fats fatty acids, glycerol �Nucleic acids nucleotides (n-base, sugar, phosphate)

Synthesis cont’d � 2 nd These building blocks are then synthesized into the large

Synthesis cont’d � 2 nd These building blocks are then synthesized into the large molecules needed by the cell usually through dehydration reactions (linking together by the removal of H 2 O). �Glucose + glucose carbohydrates �Amino acid + amino acid proteins �Fatty acids + glycerol fats, lipids �Nucleotide + nucleotide nucleic acids

Respiration �Oxygen and carbon dioxide (gases) enter and leave the cell through their cell

Respiration �Oxygen and carbon dioxide (gases) enter and leave the cell through their cell membranes by the process of simple diffusion (movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration).

Additional Information: Protists are often categorized by how they move. Ciliates: move by cilia

Additional Information: Protists are often categorized by how they move. Ciliates: move by cilia Flagellates: move by flagella Amoeboid movement: move by pseudopodia (false feet)