Kingdom Protista 2016 Chapter 20 Brainpop Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista 2016 Chapter 20 Brainpop

Kingdom Protista: The “None of the Above” category o o o Eukaryotes Unicellular and Multicellular Autotrophic or heterotrophic Some have cell walls Many have structures specific for movement. Organisms that do not neatly fit into any other category are considered protists. As a result, there is a lot of variety in this kingdom!

Modes of Locomotion for Protists Pseudopods “false foot” – link Change shape as they move Amoebas Foraminifera

Modes of Locomotion for Protists Flagellates Use flagella – a “whip-like” tail – link Euglena Trypanosoma brucei Responsible for African Sleeping Sickness

Modes of Locomotion for Protists Ciliates Use cilia – tiny hairs that move back and forth – for movement and to gather food. Paramecium

Modes of Locomotion for Protists Sessile Do not move. ¢ Like algae Ocean Algae Red Tide Pond Algae Blue Green Algae Volvox Seaweed

Three Types of Protists Animal-like Protists: Often called Protozoa Typically heterotrophic, motile, unicellular Grouped by method of locomotion (how they move) Zooflagellates Pseudopods Protist Interactive Lab Approx. 7 minutes Cilliates Forams Sporozoans Animal-Like Protist Clip cladogram

Three Types of Protists Plant-like Protists: Photosynthetic plantlike protists are called algae. Euglenoids are a large group of plantlike protists Euglena are plant and animal-like. Photosynthetic and heterotrophic! Euglena Clip 35 seconds

Three Types of Protists Plant-like Protists: Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plantlike protists Can cause red tides May be bioluminescent Diatom Detective Link 2: 04 – solving a murder Diatoms are plantlike protists with glasslike shells Click here for Electron Microscope Images of Diatoms

Three Types of Protists Fungus-like Protists: Absorb dead and decaying organic matter. Slime molds have fungus-like (decomposers) and animal-like (motile) characteristics. Can be parasites of plants or fish One type of water mold caused the Great Potato Famine of Ireland in the 1800’s Cool Images of Slime Molds

Benefits of Protists Food and Photosynthesis: Protists feed a large portion of the world's aquatic species Protists conduct 25% of the world's photosynthesis. Virtually all aquatic organisms depend directly or indirectly on protists for food.

Benefits of Protists Mutualism: Protists, such as Trichonympha collaris, help landdwelling animals such as termites and cockroaches digest cellulose. Protists like zooxanthellae have a symbiotic relationship with coral reefs; the protists act as a food source for coral and the coral provides shelter and compounds for photosynthesis for the protists.

Illnesses Caused by Protists Malaria: Plasmodium vivax is a parasitic protist that causes Malaria. An infected female Anopheles Mosquito transmits the protist to a human host. Symptoms range from flu-like to possible coma and even death. Malaria Interactive Malaria in the Mosquito 3: 59 Malaria in the Human 4: 18

Malaria

Kingdom Fungi Show brainpop

General Fungi Characteristics l l Eukaryotic Unicellular (yeast) or multicellular Heterotrophs : Fungi depend on other organisms for food. They digest food outside of their bodies and then absorb it. Their cell walls contain chitin, a complex carbohydrate.

General Fungi Characteristics Fungi may be mutualists, decomposers, or pathogens l l Some fungi absorb nutrients from decaying matter in the soil. Other fungi are parasites, absorbing nutrients from their hosts.

General Fungi Characteristics The Kingdom Fungi offers many benefits and many detriments.

Detriments of Fungus Harmful: l l l Fungal diseases, including Athlete’s Foot and Ringworm Fungi can attack and destroy crops Fungi can ruin food

Benefits of Fungus Helpful: l l l Penicillium notatum is a mold that is the source of the antibiotic penicillin Act as a decomposer Return nutrients to the soil Food Some are symbiotic with other organisms like algae (lichen) and with plant roots (nitrogen fixation)

Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism: Lichen l l Lichens are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism (either a green alga or a cyanobacterium, or both). The fungus benefits by gaining food from the photosynthetic organism. The photosynthetic organisms benefits by gaining water from the fungus. This is an example of Mutualism since both benefit.

Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism: Lichen l l l Lichens are very sensitive to air pollution (the smaller the variety of lichens in an area, the more polluted it is). Lichens are also useful to their neighbors, recycling nutrients used by other plants and providing homes for spiders, mites, lice and other insects. Humans extract the most incredible range of wool dyes from lichens and also eat some of the edible species, while drug companies use lichens to make antibiotics or sunscreen cream

Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism: Lichen Hyphae = Threadlike cells making up fungus

Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism: Ant Farm Fungus The Coevolution of Ants and Fungi Parasitism: Zombie Ants!